Energy Systems Flashcards
What is ATP?
The only usable form of energy in the body
What is glycolysis?
A process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate to produce energy
What is the sarcoplasm?
The fluid that surrounds the nucleus of a muscle fibre and is the site where anaerobic respiration takes place
What is the krebs cycle?
A series of cyclical chemical reactions that take place using oxygen in the matrix of the mitochondrion
What is the electron transport chain?
It is involved in a series of chemical reactions in the cristae of the mitochondria where hydrogen is oxidised to water and 34 ATP are produced
What is phosphocreatine?
An energy rich phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm of the muscles
What does it mean to be anaerobic?
A reaction that occurs without the presence of oxygen
What is a coupled reaction?
When energy required by one process is supplied by another process
What is the short term lactate anaerobic system?
Produces high powered energy for high intensity effort events
What is the energy continuum?
A term which describes the type of respiration used by physical activities. Whether it is aerobics or anaerobic respiration depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise
What is oxygen consumption?
The amount of oxygen used to produce ATP
What is VO2 max?
The maximum volume of oxygen that can be taken up by the muscles per minute
What is sub-maximal oxygen deficit?
When there is not enough oxygen available at the start of exercise to provide all the energy (ATP) aerobically
What is EPOC?
The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery about that which would have been consumed at rest during the same time
What is the fast component?
The restoration of ATP and phosphocreatine stores and the re-saturation of myoglobin with oxygen
What is the lactate threshold?
The point during exercise at which lactic acid quickly accumulates in the blood
What is OBLA (Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation)?
The point when lactate levels go up above 4mmol/litre
What is buffering?
A process which aids the removal of lactate and maintains acidity levels in the blood and muscle
What is calorimetry?
The calculation of heat in physical changes and chemical reactions
What is indirect calorimetry?
Measures the production of CO2 and/or the consumption of O2
What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)?
The ratio of carbon dioxide produced compared to oxygen consumed
What is altitude training?
Usually done at 2500m+ above sea level where the partial pressure of oxygen is low
Which enzyme breaks down ATP?
ATP-ase to form ADP and Pi
Which is the preferred energy system when exercise intensity is low and oxygen supply is high?
Aerobic