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A-Level PE AQA > Sport and Society: Social Action Theory > Flashcards

Sport and Society: Social Action Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is society?

A

An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest

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2
Q

What is internalisation?

A

The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself

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3
Q

What is socialisation?

A

A lifelong process where members of a society learns its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society

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4
Q

What is primary socialisation?

A

Refers to socialisation during the early years of childhood which takes place mainly within the immediate family

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5
Q

What is secondary socialisation?

A

Occurs during the later years when the family is less involved and other ‘agencies’ are deliberately set up for the socialisation process and begin to exert more and more influence

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6
Q

What is social control?

A

A concept that refers to the way in which peoples thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviours are regulated in social system

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7
Q

What is an institution?

A

An established organisation founded for religious, educational, professional or social purpose

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8
Q

What is social purpose?

A

An alteration in the social order of a society

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9
Q

Define equality in sport

A

The right to access the same opportunities, regardless of factors such as race, age, sex, mental or physical capabilities

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10
Q

Define prejudice

A

To form an unfavourable opinion of an individual, often based on inadequate facts

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11
Q

Define discrimination

A

The unfair treatment of a person, or minority group; to make a distinction and act on a prejudice

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12
Q

What are the two types of discrimination?

A

Overt and covert discrimination

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13
Q

What is overt discrimination?

A

Visible and obvious such as verbal racism or abuse towards a player

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14
Q

What is covert discrimination?

A

Hidden and less obvious such as non selection of an individual as captain because of their race

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15
Q

What is stereotyping?

A

Making generalisations about all members of a group/an individual due to them belonging to a certain group.

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16
Q

What are the benefits of raising participation?

A

. Improve health and fitness
. Reduces BP
. Meeting new people
. Making new friends
. Higher levels of self confidence
. Perform better at work
. Money put into equipment/facilities gives people jobs which benefits country financially

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17
Q

What are the barriers to sport participation?

A

. Lack of time
. Negative social influences such as poor PE experiences
. Lack of motivation
. Lack of skill
. Lack of resources/costs of participation
. Family obligations/domestic responsibilities

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18
Q

What is gender socialisation?

A

The act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation.

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19
Q

What is social change?

A

An alteration in the social order of a society

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20
Q

When does social change occur?

A

When institutions re-adjust to meet new needs of groups in society such as woman

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21
Q

What are the main causes of inequality in sport?

A

. Lack of money
. Lack of self confidence
. Lack of role models/coaches/leaders
. Myths or stereotypes - women, ethnics, disabled

22
Q

What are social issues?

A

Problems that affect many people in society

23
Q

What is inequality?

A

The unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within society

24
Q

What is social structure?

A

Organised pattern of social relationships and institutions that make up society; class is common structure in UK

25
Q

What is stratification?

A

System of rankings within society, eg by wealth, power etc

26
Q

What is social class?

A

A term used to define social inequalities ie certain groups have more access to wealth, income, and power than others. Factors which contribute to social class include a persons job, family background, education and income

27
Q

What is the social action theory?

A

This is a way of viewing socialisation, emphasising the active roles people have in shaping society/social life ie based on social action such as our interactions and negotiations with each other

28
Q

What is the interactionist approach?

A

It is the study of how individuals behave within society. It is a theoretical process which stems from social processes.

29
Q

What are the barriers of sport for disabled people?

A

. Poor access to facilities
. Negative attitude towards disabled people in sports
. Lack of media coverage for disabled sports
. Lack of confidence
. Lower income
. Poor disability sport programmes/coach

30
Q

What solutions are there to the barriers in sport for disabled people?

A

+ providing facilities or equipment
+ educating staff and the public
+ increase coverage for disabled sports
+ subsiding fees for disabled sports
+ provide training for disabled sports players
+ set up NGBs who can plan programmes for disabled sports

31
Q

What are the barriers of sport for people of different ethnicities?

A

. Conflict with religious/cultural observances
. Discouragement - higher value placed on education rather than sport
. Fear of racism/prejudice or discrimination
.Fewer role models - especially in coaching/managerial positions
. Fear of rejection/low levels of self-esteem
. Stereotyping/channelling into certain sports and away from others
. Language barriers

32
Q

What solutions are there to the barriers in sport for people of different ethncities?

A

+ Training more ethnic minority coaches/teachers/leaders and educating them on effects of stereotyping
+ Ensuring single-sex provision, e.g for Muslim women
+ Publicising and punishing racist abuse
+ Improving PE provision for ethnic preferences, e.g relaxing kit rules and showering procedures
+ Organising campaigns against racism, e.g ‘Kick it Out’

33
Q

What are the barriers of sport for women?

A

. Fewer role models/opportunities to become full time sports performers
. Fewer sponsorship opportunities
. Negative impact of school PE programmes, e.g rules on showering/kit; lack of appealing choice of activities
. Low levels of self-esteem/body image issues
. Lack of leisure time - work/domestic responsibilities
. Lack of disposable income
. Channelling into certain ‘female appropriate’ sports
. Fewer competitions/clubs available
. Women lack aggression for some sports
. Pressure on women to be thin as opposed to healthy

34
Q

What solutions are there to the barriers for women in sport?

A

+ Laws make sex discriminations unlawful
+ More women working - increased disposable income
+ Shared domestic responsibilities - more leisure time
+ Improved childcare provision/provide creches
+ Increased media coverage of women’s sports - more role models
+ Increased sponsorship for women’s sport
+ Educate to reject stereotypical myths/improved PE provision
+ Providing more opportunities to join sports clubs
+ Making changing rooms/sports facilities clean and attractive
+ Promoting women’s sports through Sport England and WSFF

35
Q

What are the health benefits?

A

. Decreased risk of developing heart disease/suffering a stroke
. Avoidance of high/low blood pressure
. Decreased risk of type 2 diabetes
. Maintaining a healthy weight/decreased risk of obesity
. Strengthening of bones - reduced risk of osteoporosis

36
Q

What are the physical benefits?

A

. Improved posture/body shape/body tone as a result of weight loss
. Improved CVF, MS, and ME
. Improved flexibility, agility, balance and coordination
. Improved speed, reaction time and power
.

37
Q

What are the mental benefits?

A

. Exercise causes the body to release chemicals such as serotonin and endorphins, which have a calming effect and help a person to feel happier and this causes them to have a more positive outlook on life
. Improved sleep patterns which enhances mood and relationships
. Boost in a persons mood can also help improve skills of concentration and allows a clearer focus on relationships

38
Q

What are the social benefits?

A

. Confidence and self-esteem improves which means they are likely to increase
. Involvements in sport/exercise becomes increasingly likely
. Introduces people to new people who share a common interest; this may lead to an increased sense of community
. Physical activity is a positive use of free time which can keep individuals out of trouble and decrease criminality as a result

39
Q

What is Sport England’s mission?

A

Increase participation in sport/physical activity

40
Q

What are the 5 main outcomes of Sport England’s new strategy?

A

. Physical well-being
. Mental well-being
. Individual development
. Social and community development
. Economic development

41
Q

Who will benefit from Sport England raising participation levels?

A

It will benefit those who are behind a barrier in sport and especially those who are under represented in sport

42
Q

What are the three under represented groups?

A

. woman/teenage girls
. ethnic minorities
. disabled people

43
Q

What are the 6 key principles that Sport England have identified to create an active nation?

A

. Focus money and resources on tacking in activity
. Investing more in children and young people from the age of 5
. To help those who are active now to carry on participating
. Helping the sport/active leisure sectors to become more welcoming and inclusive
. Help deliver a more joined up experience of sport and physical activity for customers
. Encourage innovation and sharing of best practice

44
Q

What does Country Sports Partnerships (CSP) do?

A

They offer programmes that are spread throughout the country and these programmes are delivered regionally/locally to meet specific local needs

45
Q

What is the CSP?

A

It is a national network of local agencies working together to increase participation in sport and physical activity.

46
Q

How does the CSP help?

A

They work with a number of sport/physical activity providers, who are committed to increasing participation across their network

47
Q

What nationally funded partners do Sport England work with?

A

. English federation of disability sports
. sporting equals
. women in sport
. street games
. NGB’s

48
Q

What is the EFDS?

A

It is a national charity dedicated to increasing participation in sport and physical activity

49
Q

What is Sporting Equals?

A

An organisation that exists to actively promote ethnic diversity across sport and physical activity.

50
Q

What do Women in Sports do?

A

It aims to make being active more attractive to woman and teenage girls by trying to break down the barriers which are putting them off participating in sport/physical activity

51
Q

What is Women in Sports the new name for?

A

It is the new name for Womens Sports and Fitness Foundation

52
Q

What is Street Games?

A

A national charity dedicated to developing sport in disadvantaged communities, making it accessible to all, regardless of social circumstances

A-Level PE AQA (33 decks)

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