Sport Psychology: Achievement Motivation

Question 1

What is achievement motivation?

Answer 1

The desire with which competitive situations are approached or avoided

Question 2

What did Atkinson suggest?

Answer 2

He suggested 2 personality types

Question 3

What were the 2 personality types that Atkinson suggested?

Answer 3

Approach behaviour and avoidance behaviour

Question 4

What is the approach behaviour? and an example

Answer 4

Approaching competition with enthusiasm ex - asks to take the penalty

Question 5

What is avoidance behaviour? and an example

Answer 5

Tries to avoid the competition ex - at the back of the group for penalties

Question 6

What is NACH?

Answer 6

The need to achieve

Question 7

What are the characteristics of NACH

Answer 7

. Welcomes competition
. Take risks
. Welcome feedback and evaluation
. Likes a challenge
. Task persistent - try harder after failure
. Confident
. Attributes success internally
. Base their actions on seeking pride and satisfaction from their performance

Question 8

What is NAF?

Answer 8

The need to avoid failure

Question 9

What are the characteristics of NAF?

Answer 9

. Avoid competition
. Take the easy option
. Give up easily
. Do not like feedback or evaluation
. Do not take responsibility for their actions

Question 10

What determines NACH or NAF?

Answer 10

Approach behaviour depends on the interaction of personality and situation. The need to achieve or avoid failure are situation specific

Question 11

What is interaction?

Answer 11

The combination of the situational and personality factors that decide the level of achievement motivation

Question 12

What are the characteristics of personality?

Answer 12

. Need to achieve or avoid failure
. Introvert or extrovert
. Confidence
. Innate or developed
. Aggression/arousal/anxiety

Question 13

What are the characteristics of situation?

Answer 13

. Probability of success (easy or hard)
. Incentive value (high or low)
. Familiar or unfamiliar environment
. High risk = high reward

Question 14

What happens when the probability of success is low?

Answer 14

Then it causes people to want to give up and there will be a lack of motivation

Question 15

What happens when the probability of success is high?

Answer 15

The high chance leads to a higher form of motivation

Question 16

What happens when the incentive value is high?

Answer 16

Incentive value is reward gained from a task. A high value reward leads to high motivation

Question 17

What happens when incentive value is low?

Answer 17

A low incentive value leads to people giving up and then lacking motivation

Question 18

How can you develop the need to achieve?

Answer 18

. Attribute success internally
. Use reinforcement
. Set goals
. Improve confidence/self-efficacy
. Allow success

Question 19

How can you attribute success internally?

Answer 19

Tell the player that success is due to THEM, THEIR efforts, technique and skills

Question 20

How can you use reinforcement?

Answer 20

A coach could offer praise and rewards to players who do well or achieve goals, this maintains motivation and promotes task persistence

Question 21

How can you set goals?

Answer 21

Goals should be realistic and achieve able which means satisfaction is gained. Process or outcome goals

Question 22

How can you allow success?

Answer 22

Encourage belief and motivation to improve confidence by setting easy drills

Question 23

What is the achievement goal theory?

Answer 23

Motivation and task persistence depend on the type of goals set and how success is measured

Question 24

What is Task Related?

Answer 24

. Measuring the process of success against the performers own standards
. Regardless of the result success can be achieved as the goal is reached

Question 25

What is Outcome Related?

Answer 25

. Doesn’t matter how result is achieved as long as the goal is reached
. If the performer succeeds pride and satisfaction are maintained
. If they fail confidence and motivation can be lowered