SPORT PSYCHOLOGY INTERVENTIONS Flashcards
What is psychological skills training?
- a program or intervention that entails a structured and consistent practice of psychological skills
What are the three distinct phases of psychological skills training?
- education phase
- acquisition phase
- practice phase
What does the education phase of psychological skills training consist of?
- athletes recognize importance of mental skills and performance impact
What does the acquisition phase of psychological skills training consist of?
- athletes acquire various psychological skills and learn to employ them
What does the practice phase of psychological skills training consist of?
- implement skills in practice and competition
What is goal setting?
- practice of establishing desirable objectives for one’s actions
- most common performance enhancement strategy
What are performance goals?
- improvement and attainment of personal performance standards
What are process goals?
- specific behaviours in which athletes must engage throughout a performance
What are outcome goals?
- social comparison and competitive results
Why are goals important?
- goals direct attention, mobilize effort, foster persistence, and promote the development of new learning strategies
- enhance self-confidence and satisfaction
Why is team goal setting important?
- effective for enhancing cohesion levels
What is performance profiling?
- identifying athletes’ performance-related strengths and weaknesses
How can we identify athletes’ performance-related strengths and weaknesses?
- identify key performance characteristics
- identify ideal rating for each characteristic
- rate current ability for each characteristic
- find discrepancy score by subtracting current rating from ideal rating
- prioritize targets
What are SMART goals?
Specific Measurable Adjustable Realistic Timely
What are some common goal setting problems?
- setting too many goals.
- failure to recognize individual differences
- underestimating implementation time
- failure to provide follow-up and evaluation
What is imagery?
- an experience that mimics real experience
- incorporates sight, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and kinesthetic senses
What is cognitive general imagery?
- includes images of strategies, game plans, or routines
What is motivational general imagery?
- includes images relating to physiological arousal levels and emotions
What does the analytic model of imagery consist of?
- cognitive general imagery
- motivational general imagery
What is motivational specific imagery?
- images related to individual’s goals
What is motivational general-arousal function?
- imagery associated with arousal and stress
What is motivational general- mastery function?
- imagery associated with being mentally tough, in control, and self-confident
What are some imagery assessment tools?
- Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised
- Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire
- Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ)
What is the PETTLEP model of imagery?
Physical Environmental Task Timing Learning Emotion Perspective
What are some recommendations for using imagery?
- incorporate into daily routine
- requires deliberate practice (more is better)
- athletes become better imagers over duration of intervention
- better imagers have more effective images
- positivity
- use during off-season as well
What is self-talk?
verbalizations or statements that are:
- addressed to the self
- serve as instructional or motivation means
What is instructional self-talk?
- used for skill development, skill execution, strategy development, and general performance improvement
What are the three purposed of motivational self-talk?
- mastery
- arousal
- drive
What does the self talk grid measure?
- valence
- directional interpretation
- seems fucking dumb
What are ways to assess self talk?
- Self-Talk Use Questionnaire
- Self-talk and Gestures Rating Scale
- Self-Talk Grid
What are the six dimensions of self talk?
Valence Verbalization Self-determination Directional interpretation Directional intensity Frequency
What are some strategies to assist in arousal regulation?
- breathing
- progressive relaxation
- meditation
- autogenic training
What is progressive relaxation?
- involves tensing and relaxing specific muscles
What is autogenic training?
- focuses on feelings associated with limbs and muscles
What are some “psyching-up” strategies?
- Pep Talks
- Verbal Cues
- Imagery
- Pre-competitive Workouts
- Music
- Breathing
What are the three mental training stages for arousal regulation?
- learning stage
- training stage
- application stage`
What are the two component of attention?
- recognition that it is a limited resources
- selectively processes specific information while ignoring other information
What is poor performance often attributed to?
- losses of concentration or becoming distracted
What does it mean to me maladaptive?
- result of misguided attention control combined with elevated anxiety
What is temporal occlusion?
- examines the amount of time people take to select the information they need in order to respond
What is event occlusion?
- examines which characteristics of the performance people use to make a correct response
Describe the two self-report measures?
- association: focusing inward and toward bodily sensations (e.g. breathing, muscle soreness)
- disassociation: focusing outward and away from the body (e.g. favorite song, scenery)
What is mindfulness?
- the quality or state of being conscious or aware
- involves non-judgmental, present moment and task relevant awareness
