PERSONALITY Flashcards
What is personality?
- a complex, integral part of human individuality
- the sum total of an individuals chracteristics
What is a disposition?
- broad, pervasive, encompassing ways of relating to particular types of people or situations
- relatively stable
What is a trait?
- stable characteristic or quality that are a portion of one’s personality
- a quality used to explain an individual’s behaviour across time and situations
What is a psychological state?
- momentary feelings and thoughts that change depending on the situation and time
- temporary/changing
What is a psychological core?
- most basic level
- includes your attitude, values, interests, motives, and beliefs about yourself and self worth
What is a typical response?
- ways we learn to adjust to the environment or how we respond to the world around us
- these are good indicators of your core.
What is role related behaviour?
- how you act based on what you perceive your social situation to be.
- most changeable in your personality because your behaviour changes as your perceptions of the environment changes.
- different situations require different roles.
What is openness to experiences?
- trait including level of curiosity
- the opposite of being close minded
What is conscientiousness?
- trait comprising striving for achievement and self-discipline
What is extraversion?
- trait involving level of assertiveness and energetic approach to the world
What is agreeableness?
- trait involving general compliance and positive approach towards others
What is neuroticism?
- emotional stability
- degree to which a person experiences the world as distressing, threatening, or unsafe
What is humanistic psychology?
- focuses on personal responsibility, human growth, personal striving, and individual dignity
What is self actualization?
- an individuals attempt to be the best he or she can be or a desire to fulfill one’s potential
What is mallows hierarchy of needs?
TOP: - self-actualization - esteem needs - social needs - safety needs BOTTOM: - physiological needs - invision in pyramid structure
What is the cognitive behavioural approach?
- behaviour is learned through experience.
- influenced by rewards and punishment.
- factors influencing peoples behaviours
What is self-efficacy?
- the belief in one’s capabilities to achieve a goal or outcome
- influences an individuals behaviour
What is the social learning theory?
- observational learning (observing, retaining, and replicating others behaviours)
- how situations and individuals reciprocally influence each other
- believes people actively shape their behaviour
What is the interactionist approach?
- personal/situational factors impact behaviour predictively
- situational interplay between person and environment determines athlete’s behaviours
- individuals bring specific experiences and dispositions to a physical activity situation.
What is self-efficacy?
- the belief in one’s capabilities to achieve a goal or outcome
- influences an individuals behaviour
What is the interactionist approach?
- personal/situational factors impact behaviour predictively
- situational interplay between person and environment determines athlete’s behaviours
- individuals bring specific experiences and dispositions to a physical activity situation
What are some ethical considerations and principles regarding personality measurement?
- shapes professional judgment and behaviour (confidentiality, integrity, and protection)
- inform athletes of psychological testing, use of results and who has access
- administered by qualified individuals
What is risk taking?
- involves narrowing physical and psychological safety margins
What is sensation (stimulus) seeking?
- seeks varied, novel, complex and intense sensations and experiences, and willing to take physical, social, legal and financial risks to obtain experiences
- declines with age.
- males more drawn to high-risk sports than females
What is competitiveness?
- desire to engage in and strive for success
What does the sport orientation questionnaire measure?
- competitiveness
- win orientation
- goal orientation
What is perfectionism?
- multidimensional personality disposition or trait that influences thought, emotion, and behaviour
What is personality characterized by?
- high performance standards
- overly critical self-evaluation
What are the dimensions of perfectionism?
- personal standards perfectionism
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What are the dimensions of perfectionism?
- personal standards perfectionism
- evaluation concerns perfectionism
What is evaluation concerns perfectionism?
- negative social evaluation
- excessive self criticism
- associated with poor outcomes and maladjustment
Describe pure personal standards performance.
- low ECP and high PSP
- think very highly of self
Describe mixed perfectionism.
- high ECP and high PSP
- criticism to achieve
Describe pure evaluative concerns perfectionism.
- high ECP
- think poorly of self
Describe non-perfectionism.
- low ECP and low PSP
- associated with poor outcomes and maladjustment.
- don’t care, no standards for self
What is harmonious passion?
- individual engages as part of identity & personal enjoyment.
- related to high performance
What is obsessive passion?
- rigid & uncontrolled urges to engage & avoid guilt
- related to high performance
What is mental toughness?
- personal characteristics that allow individuals to cope with stress and anxiety while remaining focused on competition demands
- requires continued practice of psychological skills
What is the 4C model?
- challenge* to overcome situations
- control* over experiences
- confidence* to overcome experiences
- commitment* to achieving goals
What are the three categories of mental toughness?
- strong confidence and motivation
- managing competition and training stress
- maintaining and regaining focus when distracted
Is there a correlation between personality traits and physical?
- personality has minor exercise association
How does conscientiousness affect exercise?
- conscientiousness may affect successful translation of good exercise intentions into behaviour
- more-conscientious individuals show greater intent to exercise
- high conscientious individuals are organized and self-disciplined.
What is type A behaviour?
- high extraversion
- high neuroticism
- high conscientiousness
- low agreeableness
- positive association between type a behaviour and exercise
Why is research being done on target exercise programs based on personality?
- may identify at-risk personalities - people who may struggle adhering to new exercise programs
- relationship between preferences for exercise & personality is interesting, but limited research
