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KIN 115 - SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY > MOTIVATION & BEHAVIOUR > Flashcards

MOTIVATION & BEHAVIOUR Flashcards

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1
Q

What is motivation?

A
  • motivation is the foundation of sport performance
    and achievement
  • the general desire or willingness of someone to do something
  • derived from the individual’s psychological tendencies and on aspects of the social environment in which they develop, train and compete.
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2
Q

What is the direction of effort?

A
  • refers to whether an individual seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to certain situations
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3
Q

What is intensity effort?

A
  • refers to how much effort a person puts forth in a particular situation
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4
Q

What is the relationship between direction of effort and intensity?

A
  • direction affects intensity

- ex.) if you are late for class (direction), how good is your effort (intensity)?

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5
Q

What is a trait centred view of motivation?

A
  • motivated behaviour is primarily a function of individual characteristics
  • therefore the athletes characteristic, needs, goals are primary determinants of motivated behaviour
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6
Q

What is a situation centred view of motivation?

A
  • motivation level is determined primarily by the situation.
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7
Q

What is an interaction view of motivation?

A
  • motivation results neither solely from participant factors, nor situational factors, but how these two factors interact
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8
Q

What are some personal factors that affect motivation?

A
  • personality
  • needs
  • interests
  • goals
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9
Q

What are some situational factors that affect motivation?

A
  • leader-coach style
  • facility attractiveness
  • team win-loss record
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10
Q

What is intrinsic motivation?

A
  • motivation that stems directly from an action rather than a reward
  • doing an activity for its inherent satisfaction
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11
Q

What is extrinsic motivation?

A
  • behaviour that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise
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12
Q

What are some aspects to consider in regards for a realistic view of motivation?

A
  • autonomy
  • mastery
  • purpose
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13
Q

What are the guidelines for building motivation?

A
  1. both situations and traits motivate people
  2. people have multiple motives for involvement
  3. change the environment to enhance motivation
  4. leaders influence motivation
  5. use behaviour modifications to change undesirable participant motives
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14
Q

What is autonomy in regards to motivation?

A
  • autonomy occurs when humans have control, task, time, technique and team.
  • control leads to compliance, autonomy leads to engagement.
  • autonomy involves learning, working with passion, and embracing your mistakes
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15
Q

What are the three approaches to understanding motivation for behavioural change?

A
  • behavioural approaches
  • cognitive approaches
  • cognitive behavioural approaches
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16
Q

What is the behavioural approach when looking at motivation?

A
  • focuses on conditioning
  • learning from the environment
  • operant conditioning
  • vicarious conditioning
  • operant strategies
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17
Q

What is the cognitive approach when looking at motivation?

A
  • emphasizes the role of thought patterns and cognitive habits that determine behaviour.
  • looks at the individuals interpretation of the external environment.
  • automatic thought processes, cognitive errors and core beliefs can be altered
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18
Q

What is the cognitive-behavioural approach when looking at motivation?

A
  • cognitions influence emotions and behaviour
  • behaviour affects thought patterns & emotions
  • self-monitoring, goal setting, feedback, decision making
19
Q

What is achievement motivation?

A
  • refers to a person’s effort to master a task, achieve excellence, overcome obstacles, perform better than others, and take pride in exercising talent
  • a person’s orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure and experience pride in accomplishments
  • also known as competitiveness
20
Q

What is competitiveness?

A
  • a disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others
  • an achievement behaviour in a competitive context, with social evaluation as a key component
21
Q

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

A
  • highlights personal/social factors as influencing behaviour and intention to perform
22
Q

What are the three main antecedents of the theory of planned behaviour?

A
  1. attitude reflects positive and negative evaluation of engaging
  2. subjective norms reflect social pressure to perform
  3. perceived behavioural control reflects extent behaviour is volitional
23
Q

What are some applications of the theory of planned behaviour?

A
  • focus intervention on enhancing individuals intentions

- improve attitude by increasing knowledge of benefits

24
Q

What is the self-determination theory?

A
  • people naturally endowed with innate tendencies for personal growth and development & flourish when social environments are optimal
25
Q

What is amotivation?

A
  • absence of motivation

- no connection between one’s actions and outcomes.

26
Q

What is intrinsic motivation?

A
  • activity undertaken because it is enjoyable, interesting, stimulating, or self-rewarding
27
Q

What is external regulation?

A
  • actions performed to meet an external demand, achieve a reward, or avoid punishment
28
Q

What is introjected regulations?

A
  • performing behaviour to avoid negative emotions
29
Q

What is identified regulation?

A
  • behaviour linked to personal importance and value
30
Q

What is integrated regulation?

A
  • making choices about behaviours that are part of the whole self.
  • consistent with a persons identity
31
Q

What is the organismic integration theory?

A
  • suggests motivation is best understood as a multidimensional concept along a continuum
32
Q

What are the three psychological needs in regards to the application of the self-determination theory?

A
  • autonomy
  • competence
  • relatedness
33
Q

What is autonomy?

A
  • feeling one has choice and control of behaviour
34
Q

What is competence?

A
  • feeling effective and capable when undertaking challenging tasks
35
Q

What is relatedness?

A
  • meaningful connections with others in environments such as exercise
36
Q

What are the two dimensions of the achievement goal theory?

A
  • task goal orientation

- ego goal orientation

37
Q

What is task goal orientation?

A
  • focuses on past performances as origin of competence feelings
  • opportunities for personal growth and mastery
38
Q

What is ego goal orientation?

A
  • comparing with others to gain social status

- success emanates from outperforming others

39
Q

What is achievement goal theory?

A
  • depends on developmental & situational factors
  • young children unable to distinguish between effort & ability
  • motivational climate influences achievement goal state
40
Q

Emphasizing what evokes ego orientation?

A
  • winning and competition
41
Q

Emphasizing what evokes task orientation?

A
  • mastery and effort
42
Q

What is the competence motivation theory?

A
  • especially in children
  • motivated to feel worthy or competent (primary determinant of motivation)
  • athletes’ perceptions of control work along with self worth and competence evaluations to influence their motivation
  • feeling influence affective or emotional state that in turn influence motivation
43
Q

What is the link between social influences and motivational outcomes and behaviour?

A
  • social relationships play a large role in motivational processes for youth
  • importance of supportive other for physical activity
44
Q

What is the importance of social motivation in practice?

A
  • social interactions & relationships motivate participants
  • coaches can be positive & supportive
  • parents can provide resources to be active and promote sport and activity.
  • parents can discuss children’s sport experiences
  • provide feedback to nurture positive relationships

KIN 115 - SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY (24 decks)

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