ANXIETY IN SPORT AND EXERCISE Flashcards
What is arousal?
- A blend of physiological and psychological activation of an individual’s autonomic nervous system.
What is anxiety?
- Negative emotion with the following characteristics:
- Elicited following an appraisal (evaluation).
- Universal across people of all cultures.
- Has a distinct physiology.
- Observed through discrete facial expression.
- Associated with unique set of action tendencies.
What is cognitive anxiety?
- Concerns or worries that reduces ability to focus or concentrate.
- mental component
What is somatic anxiety?
- Physiological and affective elements that develop directly from autonomic arousal
- racing heart, butterflies
What is social anxiety?
- Occurs during social situations.
- i.e. Speaking in front of groups.
- Occurs when evaluations may happen.
What is competitive trait anxiety?
- Associated with sport or competition.
- i.e. Concerns about body, performance, skills.
What is social physique anxiety?
- Experiencing anxiety due to others’ evaluations of physique in social settings.
- Often occurs in exercise context.
What is state anxiety?
- anxiety that is experienced at a particular moment in time, and can change from moment to moment
What is trait anxiety?
- a general predisposition to perceive a variety of situations as threatening
What are some signs or arousal and state anxiety?
- Cold, clammy hands
- Need to urinate frequently
- Profuse sweating
- Negative self-talk
What are the dimensions of the anxiety response?
- intensity of symptoms
- frequency of cognitive intrusions
- directional interpretation of symptoms
What are the five personal sources of anxiety?
- Experience, and skill level
- Gender
- Trait anxiety
- Self-confidence and self-presentational beliefs
- Self-regulation strategies
What are some aspects of the experience and skill level sector of personal anxiety?
- Results of research have multiple interpretations
- Depends on interpretation based on experience.
What are some aspects of the gender sector of personal anxiety?
- Research failed to find differences between female and male competitive responses.
- Females experience higher social physique anxiety (SPA) in exercise roles.
What are some aspects of the trait anxiety sector of personal anxiety?
- Individual’s trait anxiety level affects threat perception.
- everyone experiences, intensity varries
What are some aspects of the self confidence and self presentation beliefs sector of personal anxiety?
- Beliefs about capability and presenting body favourably are sources of anxiety.
- Confidence lowers levels of pre-competitive anxiety.
- self presentation and self presentational efficacy
What is self-presentation?
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What is self-presentation?
- Process by which individuals attempt to monitor and control other people’s impression of them
What is self-presentational efficacy?
- Confidence of one’s ability to present images of being an exerciser.
What are some environmental sources of anxiety?
- Temporal patterning in the sport environment
- Mirrors in the exercise environment
- Clothing in the exercise environment
- Characteristics of other exercisers
- Exercise leader characteristics
What are some self regulation strategies?
- coping skills
- self-handicapping behaviours
What are coping skills?
- Behaviours to adjust physiological arousal & degree of worry or concern i.e. imagery, self-talk.
What is self-handicapping behaviour?
- Actions or choices that externalize failure and internalize success.
- ex.) exaggerating injuries
Temporal patterning in the sport environment
- the intensity of an athlete’s anxiety response changes during the lead-up to the event as well as over the course of the event
- somatic anxiety peaks a couple hours before the event
What is the drive theory?
- as physiological arousal increases, performance improves
- habit strength, arousal/drive
What is the inverted-U hypothesis?
- performance increases as arousal increases, but only up to a certain point
What is the zones of optimal functioning theory?
- varies among athletes
- zoned athletes have better performance
- anxiety is not detrimental to performance
What is the cusp catastrophe theory?
- cognitive state anxiety and physical arousal
- athletic performance is complex
How many predictions are there in relation to the cusp catastrophe theory?
- 5 (look in notebook 1)
