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Spinal pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what affect both spinal cord and vertebral column

A

spinal metastasis

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2
Q

what is it called when mets affects vertebral column

A

vertebral metastasis

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3
Q

what is the primary source of spinal metastasis

A

breast

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4
Q

what is second source of spinal metastasis

A

lung cancer

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5
Q

70% of metastatic spinal lesions appear where

A

thoracic spine

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6
Q

approximately what % of mets present in multiples (of vertebral column)

A

50%

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7
Q

what are benign slow growing intramedullary tumors

A

spinal ependymoma

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8
Q

why are ependymoma termed that

A

they arise from the ependymal cells in central canal of spinal cord

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9
Q

what is the most common primary tumor of spinal cord

A

ependymoma

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10
Q

what % do ependymoma account for primary neoplasms of spinal cord and filum terminale

A

60%

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11
Q

what is the imaging of choice for ependymoma

A

MRI

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12
Q

where do ependymoma grow from

A

only in or from spinal cord itself

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13
Q

what is not uncommon though when it comes to ependymoma

A

intrusion into vertebral column

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14
Q

what came MRI show when talking about ependymomas

A

defined tumor in spinal cord

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15
Q

what can MRI and CT both demonstrate

A

boney erosion, widening of spinal canal, and thickening of spinal cord

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16
Q

what can also accompany an ependymomas

A

cystic lesions

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17
Q

what are slow growing benign tumors growing from meninges

A

spinal meningiomas

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18
Q

how can meningiomas occur

A

singularly or in multiples throughout CNS

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19
Q

where do meningiomas almost exclusively occur

A

surface of the brain or spinal cord

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20
Q

where do the meningiomas occur

A

extend from meninges on periphery of spinal cord

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21
Q

what are spinal meningiomas often do

A

corrode vertebral column and displace spinal cord

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22
Q

what is also called a burst fracture

A

compression fracture

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23
Q

what is the result of excessive compressive force on spine

A

compression fracture

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24
Q

what is compression fracture also known as

A

axial loading

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25
what happens do intervertebral disc in compression fracture
driven into vertebral body below
26
what happens to the vertebrae in compression fracture
collapses on itself
27
when vertebrae collapses on itself, what does it result in
numerous fractures through the vertebral body and arch
28
what can also occur secondary to osteoporosis metastatic disease
burst fracture
29
what plane are compression fractures most apparent in
sagittal plane
30
how do compression fractures appear when imaged
vertebral body is notably shortened, fracture lines are usually visible and bone fragments may extend in several directions (even into spinal cord)
31
a single traumatic event may result in what
several compression fractures through spine
32
what is general term meaning dislocation or displacement of a structure
subluxation
33
what is a common complication of vertebral fractures
vertebral or spinal subluxation
34
what can be the result in variable amounts of subluxation
unstable spinal fractures
35
when is subluxation most dangerous
when spinal cord is impinged by the dislocated vertebra or fracture fragment
36
subluxation is not always related to what
a fracture or traumatic injury
37
what is a condition that develops over time in which the intervertebral disc slides out of alignment from the spinal column
bulging disc
38
what is required when the disc presses onto spinal cord or nerve roots
intervention (surgery)
39
what is often the result of injury or trauma to the spine
ruptured disc
40
what is a ruptured disc also known as
herniated disc
41
what does the disc do in the condition of a herniated or ruptured disc
contents of disc protrude outsides its normal orientation
42
what is the contents of the disc
nucleus pulpous
43
how can a disc cause pain
by pressing onto spinal cord or spinal nerves
44
a bulging disc can do what
herniate or rupture
45
bulging discs and herniated disc are virtually what in sectional imaging
indistinguishable
46
what do both bulging disc and herniated disc show in imaging
intrusion of the intervertebral disc outside its normal orientation and into spinal canal
47
what do serious conditions show when talking about disc abnormalities
show impingement of spinal cord
48
what is the progressive narrowing of the spinal canal and eventually impingement of spinal cord
spinal stenosis
49
spinal stenosis is secondary to a number of conditions including what
herniated and ruptured disc, degenerative disease of spine, subluxation, spondylolisthesis, and trauma
50
how can spinal stenosis be imaged
visualized as an apparent narrowing of the vertebral canal at one more vertebral levels
51
what is an attachment or connection
tethering
52
what is a condition in which the movement of the spinal cord is constrained by abnormal tissue attachments
tethered cord
53
how can a tethered spinal cord occur
can be a primary congenital anomaly or secondary to another condition and or injury
54
when there is a tethered cord present, when imaging it shows abnormal tissue connections that do what to cord and CSF
restrict cord movement and CSF movement around cord
55
what is the result of tethered cord
abnormal collections of CSF
56
what are other signs of tethered cord
especially low conus medullaris (below L2), thickening of filum terminale, and intradural lipoma (fatty tumor inside dura mater)
57
what is tethered cord often associated with
other malformations, especially spina bifida
58
what is most common congenital defect of CNS
spina bifida
59
what is characterized by incomplete closure of the vertebral canal
spina bifida
60
what is a latin term meaning "left in two parts"
bifida
61
some forms of spina bifida are ______ & ______ while others are ______, ______, &_____
mild and undiagnosed, severe, debilitating, and life-threating
62
how is spina bifida imaged in sectional imaging
visualized as an incomplete vertebral column
63
where does spina bifida almost always occur at
dorsal surface
64
in some cases of spina bifida, it can be accompanied by what
a meningocele
65
what is a meningocele
collection of CSF formed by herniation of the meninges through the opening in the vertebral canal
66
what happens in severe cases of spina bifida when concerning a meningocele
it portions off the spinal cord
67
what is it called when a meningocele portions off spinal cord
myelomeningocele
68
what is literally spin slipping
spondylolisthesis
69
what is a kind of subluxation
spondylolisthesis
70
how is spondylolisthesis a kind of subluxation
a vertebra is anteriorly displaced relative to the vertebra below it
71
where is the condition spondylolisthesis most common
lumbar and sacral
72
what are some of the causes of spondylolisthesis
congenital defects, degenerative disease, and trauma
73
how is spondylolsithesis best imaged
in sagittal views of spine
74
what is an autoimmune arthritic condition of chronic spin inflammation resulting in abnormal vertebral stiffening and fusion
ankylosing spondylitis
75
what is another term for inflammation
spondylitis
76
what is another term for fusion
ankylosing
77
where does ankylosing spondylitis almost exclusively appear
in lumbar, sacral and SI joints
78
what does ankylosing spondylitis show in sectional imaging
boney erosin throughout the vertebra
79
what else does ankylosing spondylitis show in imaging
redistribution of bone between adjoining vertebrae

Pathology (15 decks)

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