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GU system Flashcards

1
Q

what does PKD stand for

A

polycystic kidney disease

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2
Q

what is a serious condition characterized by an increasing number of cyst formations in the kidneys

A

PKD

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3
Q

by the age of 60, what % of PKD patient will have developed end stage renal failure

A

50%

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4
Q

how does PKD appear

A

numerous cysts throughout both kidneys

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5
Q

in advanced stages of PKD, it can affect other organs - especially which one

A

liver

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6
Q

what is also known as renal calculi and urolithiasis

A

renal stones

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7
Q

what do those terms describe

A

condition of stone formation in urinary tract

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8
Q

where do renal stones originate in

A

collecting system of kidneys

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9
Q

where can stones move into

A

ureters and bladder

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10
Q

what are the different causes of renal stones

A

dehydration, low fluid intake, high caffeine intake, recurrent UTIs and several metabolic abnormalities

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11
Q

what can renal calculi lodge in ureters cause

A

obstruction of urine flow

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12
Q

what is a result of obstruction of urine flow

A

hydronephrosis

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13
Q

what is hydronephrosis

A

condition of swelling of kidneys and collection system as a result of urine backup

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14
Q

what is often visible even when stone is too small to be imaged

A

hydronephrosis

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15
Q

what is RCC

A

renal cell carcinoma

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16
Q

what is most common malignant neoplasm of kidneys

A

renal cell carinoma

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17
Q

what does RCC commonly affect

A

all components of kidneys (cortex, medulla, and collecting system)

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18
Q

what are the features RCC generally demonstrates

A

general kidney enlargement, large lesions show areas of necrosis and 30% of RCC show calcification

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19
Q

RCC can be unifocal or multifocal

A

true

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20
Q

what is a malignant pediatric renal tumor

A

wilm’s tumor

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21
Q

wilm’s tumor accounts for what % of all peds renal neoplasms

A

85%

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22
Q

what % of wilm’s tumors are diagnosed before the age of 5

A

80%

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23
Q

how is wilm’s tumor visualized

A

large mass completely replacing kidney and filling one side of abdominal cavity

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24
Q

wilm’s condition is usually what

A

unilateral

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25
what is a common consequence of trauma to abdomen
kidney laceration
26
what is fractured followed by hemorrhage and sometimes infarct in kidney laceration
renal parenchyma
27
what does imaging show when talking about lacerations
not laceration itself, but effects. they are: atypical/non uniform contrast perfusion through organ, limited or absence of contrast, contrast extravasation in or around organ, and hematoma in area of organ
28
what is a congenital condition in which the kidneys are fused together at the upper or lower poles
horseshoe kidney
29
the horseshoe condition renders the kidneys especially susceptible to what
trauma, renal stone, and renal cancer
30
how do kidneys appear in horseshoe kidney
elongation in transverse plane and medial fusion
31
what is most common bladder cancer
transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
32
what is most common tumor of entire urinary tract
TCC
33
how do bladder TCCs most often appear
as asymmetric wall thickening or a mass protruding from the bladder wall into the body of bladder
34
occasionally, bladder TCC can do what
protrude out of bladder wall and invade surrounding tissues
35
what can adrenal gland host
benign, malignant and cystic lesions
36
what can malignant lesions of adrenals be
both primary and secondary neoplasms
37
what are at least 90% of uterine malignancies classified as
endometrial cancer
38
what is most common gynecological malignancy
endometrial cancer
39
how can endometrial cancer appear as
abnormal endometrial wall thickening in early stages, in later stages as large, necrotic, loculated mass filling in pelvis and even abd
40
what is a benign lesion of uterus
uterina leiomyoma
41
what else is a uterus lesion known as
uterine fibroids
42
what is a solid soft tissue tumor
uterina leiomyoma
43
uterine fibroids occur in what % of women of reproductive age
20-30%
44
how do fibroids appear
greatly in size and distribution throughout uterus
45
how do fibroids also appear
as well defined, round, soft tissue masses
46
what is common with fibroids
calcification
47
how can ovarian tumors be
benign, malignant and solid or cystic
48
what is a distinguishing factor of ovarian tumors
ovarian enlargement
49
what are all signals of abnormal ovarian growth
ovarian wall thickening, cystic changes, and calcifications
50
what are commonly encountered in sectional imaging
ovarian cysts
51
how do ovarian cysts present
as small to large fluid collections extending from the ovaries
52
a small cyst (<25mm) should be considered what in women of reproductive age
normal ovarian follicle
53
a simple benign cyst is also completely what
homogenous and without loculations
54
what is most common cancer in men
prostate cancer
55
what is 2nd most common cause of death in men
prostate cancer
56
what is prostate cancer sometimes referred to as
prostatic carcinoma or prostatic adenocarcinoma
57
where does prostate cancer gerenally being
in posterior portion (peripheral zone) near rectum
58
how is prostate cancer apparent in sectional imaging
general prostate enlargement, asymmetry, and lymphadenopathy
59
advanced prostatic cancer shows metastasis to what
the bones
60
what is often necessary to distinguish between prostate cancer and benign prostate hypertrophy
biopsy
61
what is BPH
benign prostate hypertrophy
62
what is extremely common in elderly men
BPH
63
what can BPH result in
urine outflow obstructions
64
by the age of what, 90% of men have some degree of BPH
90
65
BPH appears similar to prostatic cancer expect what
there is no lymph involvement, no focal mass lesion, and enlargement is generally more symmetrical

Pathology (15 decks)

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