Respiratory System Pathology

Question 1

what is lung cancer also called

Answer 1

bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 2

what is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide

Answer 2

lung cancer

Question 3

what refers to only primary lung cancer

Answer 3

bronchogenic cancer

Question 4

what is very common in lungs

Answer 4

metastatic lung cancer

Question 5

how does lung cancer appear when imaged

Answer 5

as one or more irregularly shaped, well defined lesions

Question 6

is lung cancer rim enhancing

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

where can cancer lesions present in lung

Answer 7

anywhere in lungs

Question 8

where does the lung lesions especially present at

Answer 8

at mediastinum

Question 9

what are pulmonary neoplasms often associated with

Answer 9

other pathologies

Question 10

what are the other pathologies that pulmonary neoplasms often associated with

Answer 10

pleural effusions, other types of fluid accumulations, necrosis, and abscess formations

Question 11

what is generally defined as an inflammation of the lung parenchyma resulting in fluid accumulation and consolidation

Answer 11

pneumonia

Question 12

what is pneumonia typically caused by

Answer 12

viral, bacterial, or fungal infections

Question 13

what can pneumonia also be caused by

Answer 13

chemical inhalation, aspiration, and trauma to chest wall

Question 14

what does the appearance of pneumonia look when imaged depend on

Answer 14

type and extent of the disease

Question 15

what does pneumonia generally present as

Answer 15

small to large areas of fluid accumulation

Question 16

where is pneumonia especially seen near

Answer 16

the fissures of lower lobes

Question 17

is an area of pneumonia rim enhancing

Answer 17

no

Question 18

how are the borders of pneumonia

Answer 18

poorly defined

Question 19

what is not uncommon when it comes to pneumonia

Answer 19

diffuse pneumonia affecting entire lung(s)

Question 20

what encompasses a wide disease spectrum predominantly caused by the organism mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 20

tuberculosis

Question 21

how is tuberculosis abbreviated

Answer 21

TB

Question 22

what can TB affect

Answer 22

numerous organs and organ systems throughout body

Question 23

what does TB primarily infect

Answer 23

lungs

Question 24

what does TB typically present in sectional imaging

Answer 24

formations identical to pneumonia

Question 25

what is seen in the lung parenchyma in cases of TB

Answer 25

tissue inflammation of variable sizes

Question 26

what can some cases of TB cause

Answer 26

tissue necrosis and cavity formation

Question 27

what shows an area of well defined air-filled cavity surrounded by inflamed tissue

Answer 27

TB

Question 28

what is an abnormal fluid collection in the pleural space

Answer 28

pleural effusion

Question 29

what can be primary or secondary to other conditions

Answer 29

pleural effusion

Question 30

what are some of the conditions that can cause pleural effusion

Answer 30

cardiopulmonary conditions and cancer

Question 31

what are pleural effusions seen as when imaged

Answer 31

very large to very small collections of fluid

Question 32

pleural effusions can be where

Answer 32

in one or both pleural cavities

Question 33

what is air in the thorax

Answer 33

pneumothorax

Question 34

what is defined as the presence of air or gas in pleural space

Answer 34

pneumothorax

Question 35

how can pneumothorax occur

Answer 35

spontaneous or result of trauma or surgery

Question 36

what appears as large or small accumulations of air in pleural space

Answer 36

pneumothorax

Question 37

what can a pneumothorax also be associated with if result of trauma

Answer 37

rib fractures, hemothroax, and atelectasis

Question 38

what is a hemothroax

Answer 38

blood in pleural space

Question 39

what is atelectasis

Answer 39

collapsed lung

Question 40

what is blood in pleural space as a result of trauma to chest

Answer 40

hemothorax

Question 41

what may the blood be from injuries to in hemothroax's

Answer 41

injuries to pleura, ribs, lung parenchyma, or heart

Question 42

in sectional imaging, what is a hemothroax essentially indistinguishable from

Answer 42

a pleural effusion

Question 43

why do hemothorax and pleural effusion essentially indistinguishable

Answer 43

both are fluid accumulations in the pleural space

Question 44

what is important to distinguish pleura effusion from hemothorax

Answer 44

clinical history and clinical correlation

Question 45

what is hemothorax often accompanied by

Answer 45

fractures, atelectasis, and pneumothorax

Question 46

what is a form of COPD

Answer 46

emphysema

Question 47

what is caused by exposure to cigarette smoke

Answer 47

emphysema

Question 48

what is emphysema characterized by

Answer 48

abnormal, permanent enlargement and destruction of the airspaces in lungs

Question 49

what does the permanent and destruction of the airspaces in emphysema result in

Answer 49

loss of airflow

Question 50

how is emphysema seen in imaging

Answer 50

as hyperventilation in lungs and numerous pockets of abnormal air accumulation

Question 51

what are the air pockets in emphysema called

Answer 51

blebs

Question 52

what is a wide range of conditions which all ultimately result in progressive scarring of lung tissue

Answer 52

interstitial lung disease (ILD)

Question 53

what is ILD also known as

Answer 53

diffuse parenchymal lung disease

Question 54

the scarring of ILD eventually does what to lungs

Answer 54

damages lungs enough to impair normal breathing

Question 55

what is some of the factors that lead to ILD

Answer 55

exposure to chemicals and autoimmune disorders

Question 56

as ILD progresses, what can happen to airways

Answer 56

begin to scar and harden

Question 57

what is the condition called when airways scar and harden

Answer 57

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 58

how can ILD appear in imaging

Answer 58

similar to emphysema, except 2 distinguishing factors

Question 59

what are the 2 distinguishing factors of ILD

Answer 59

it is diffuse (affects full extent of lungs) and infiltrates are seen in lungs

Question 60

where are infiltrates in lung especially seen

Answer 60

in the periphery

Question 61

what is important in distinguishing ILD

Answer 61

clinical history