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Pathology > Respiratory System Pathology > Flashcards

Respiratory System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is lung cancer also called

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

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2
Q

what is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide

A

lung cancer

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3
Q

what refers to only primary lung cancer

A

bronchogenic cancer

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4
Q

what is very common in lungs

A

metastatic lung cancer

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5
Q

how does lung cancer appear when imaged

A

as one or more irregularly shaped, well defined lesions

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6
Q

is lung cancer rim enhancing

A

yes

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7
Q

where can cancer lesions present in lung

A

anywhere in lungs

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8
Q

where does the lung lesions especially present at

A

at mediastinum

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9
Q

what are pulmonary neoplasms often associated with

A

other pathologies

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10
Q

what are the other pathologies that pulmonary neoplasms often associated with

A

pleural effusions, other types of fluid accumulations, necrosis, and abscess formations

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11
Q

what is generally defined as an inflammation of the lung parenchyma resulting in fluid accumulation and consolidation

A

pneumonia

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12
Q

what is pneumonia typically caused by

A

viral, bacterial, or fungal infections

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13
Q

what can pneumonia also be caused by

A

chemical inhalation, aspiration, and trauma to chest wall

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14
Q

what does the appearance of pneumonia look when imaged depend on

A

type and extent of the disease

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15
Q

what does pneumonia generally present as

A

small to large areas of fluid accumulation

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16
Q

where is pneumonia especially seen near

A

the fissures of lower lobes

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17
Q

is an area of pneumonia rim enhancing

A

no

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18
Q

how are the borders of pneumonia

A

poorly defined

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19
Q

what is not uncommon when it comes to pneumonia

A

diffuse pneumonia affecting entire lung(s)

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20
Q

what encompasses a wide disease spectrum predominantly caused by the organism mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

tuberculosis

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21
Q

how is tuberculosis abbreviated

A

TB

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22
Q

what can TB affect

A

numerous organs and organ systems throughout body

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23
Q

what does TB primarily infect

A

lungs

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24
Q

what does TB typically present in sectional imaging

A

formations identical to pneumonia

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25
Q

what is seen in the lung parenchyma in cases of TB

A

tissue inflammation of variable sizes

26
Q

what can some cases of TB cause

A

tissue necrosis and cavity formation

27
Q

what shows an area of well defined air-filled cavity surrounded by inflamed tissue

A

TB

28
Q

what is an abnormal fluid collection in the pleural space

A

pleural effusion

29
Q

what can be primary or secondary to other conditions

A

pleural effusion

30
Q

what are some of the conditions that can cause pleural effusion

A

cardiopulmonary conditions and cancer

31
Q

what are pleural effusions seen as when imaged

A

very large to very small collections of fluid

32
Q

pleural effusions can be where

A

in one or both pleural cavities

33
Q

what is air in the thorax

A

pneumothorax

34
Q

what is defined as the presence of air or gas in pleural space

A

pneumothorax

35
Q

how can pneumothorax occur

A

spontaneous or result of trauma or surgery

36
Q

what appears as large or small accumulations of air in pleural space

A

pneumothorax

37
Q

what can a pneumothorax also be associated with if result of trauma

A

rib fractures, hemothroax, and atelectasis

38
Q

what is a hemothroax

A

blood in pleural space

39
Q

what is atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

40
Q

what is blood in pleural space as a result of trauma to chest

A

hemothorax

41
Q

what may the blood be from injuries to in hemothroax’s

A

injuries to pleura, ribs, lung parenchyma, or heart

42
Q

in sectional imaging, what is a hemothroax essentially indistinguishable from

A

a pleural effusion

43
Q

why do hemothorax and pleural effusion essentially indistinguishable

A

both are fluid accumulations in the pleural space

44
Q

what is important to distinguish pleura effusion from hemothorax

A

clinical history and clinical correlation

45
Q

what is hemothorax often accompanied by

A

fractures, atelectasis, and pneumothorax

46
Q

what is a form of COPD

A

emphysema

47
Q

what is caused by exposure to cigarette smoke

A

emphysema

48
Q

what is emphysema characterized by

A

abnormal, permanent enlargement and destruction of the airspaces in lungs

49
Q

what does the permanent and destruction of the airspaces in emphysema result in

A

loss of airflow

50
Q

how is emphysema seen in imaging

A

as hyperventilation in lungs and numerous pockets of abnormal air accumulation

51
Q

what are the air pockets in emphysema called

A

blebs

52
Q

what is a wide range of conditions which all ultimately result in progressive scarring of lung tissue

A

interstitial lung disease (ILD)

53
Q

what is ILD also known as

A

diffuse parenchymal lung disease

54
Q

the scarring of ILD eventually does what to lungs

A

damages lungs enough to impair normal breathing

55
Q

what is some of the factors that lead to ILD

A

exposure to chemicals and autoimmune disorders

56
Q

as ILD progresses, what can happen to airways

A

begin to scar and harden

57
Q

what is the condition called when airways scar and harden

A

pulmonary fibrosis

58
Q

how can ILD appear in imaging

A

similar to emphysema, except 2 distinguishing factors

59
Q

what are the 2 distinguishing factors of ILD

A

it is diffuse (affects full extent of lungs) and infiltrates are seen in lungs

60
Q

where are infiltrates in lung especially seen

A

in the periphery

61
Q

what is important in distinguishing ILD

A

clinical history

Pathology (15 decks)

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