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Pathology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what does CAD stand for

A

coronary artery disease

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2
Q

what is a condition of progressive narrowing of coronary arteries

A

CAD

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3
Q

depending on what, a patient may or may not experience symptoms of CAD

A

degree of blockage

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4
Q

what can CAD result in

A

myocardial infarction if blood flow to heart is inhibited

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5
Q

what is CAD caused by

A

accumulation of plaque in the arterials

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6
Q

what is the traditional imaging modality used to evaluate CAD

A

interventional radiography

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7
Q

what growing technologies are becoming a valuable supplement to traditional angiography

A

MRI and CT

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8
Q

how does CAD present in sectional imaging

A

as coronary artery stenosis visualized as filling defects in the coronary vessel

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9
Q

MRI and CT of coronary arteries is often acquired at ______ planes for better visualization of pathologies and anomalies

A

unconventional

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10
Q

what is a condition of excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac

A

pericardial effusion

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11
Q

what is a condition that can be fatal

A

pericardial effusion

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12
Q

what does the excess fluid in pericardial effusion inhibit

A

ability of the heart expand and contract fully

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13
Q

what is comprised that eventually results in death when talking about pericardial effusion

A

coronary and system blood perfusion

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14
Q

what are the 2 different ways pericardial effusions can be

A

primary, or secondary

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15
Q

a primary pericardial effusion means what

A

no known cause

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16
Q

a secondary pericardial effusion can be secondary to what

A

to infection, MI or surgery

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17
Q

how is a pericardial effusion imaged

A

excess fluid accumulation visualized in pericardial sac

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18
Q

what is a generic term referring to enlargement of the heart for any reason

A

cardiomegaly

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19
Q

what is cardiomegaly often associated with

A

decreasing cardiac function

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20
Q

what is a syndrome in which the heart cannot adequately circulate blood through the body to maintain adequate tissue perfusion

A

Congestive heart failure

21
Q

what may the heart’s inability to sufficiently circulate blood through the body result of

A

defective cardiac filling or impaired contraction and emptying

22
Q

what is an example of a defective cardiac filing

A

valve malfunciton

23
Q

in an effort to improve tissue perfusion, compensatory mechanisms increase what

A

blood volume, cardiac filling pressure, and myocardium muscle mass

24
Q

what is the most apparent sign of CHF in sectional imaging

A

cardiomegaly

25
Q

what is important to distinguish CHF from other potential causes of cardiomegaly

A

clinical correlation

26
Q

what is one of the most common tumors of the heart

A

myxoma

27
Q

is a myxoma benign or malignant

A

benign

28
Q

where do myxoma generally grow from

A

interatrial septum

29
Q

where do myxoma extend into

A

left atrium

30
Q

how are most myxoma discovered

A

incidentally

31
Q

how do myxomas appear

A

as minimally enhancing, well-defined mass

32
Q

where are myxomas almost always in

A

left atrium

33
Q

what is an abnormal widening of an artery

A

aneursym

34
Q

where do aneurysm’s commonly occur

A

in thoracic and abdominal aorta

35
Q

how does an aneurysms appear

A

larger than a healthy, non-disease vessel

36
Q

how may an aneurysms also be

A

dissected

37
Q

what does dissecting aneurysms have

A

two lumens (true or false)

38
Q

how are the lumens partitioned by

A

intimal flap that has torn away from the wall of the artery

39
Q

what can sometimes happen to aneurysms

A

can rupture

40
Q

a ruptured aneurysm will be accompanied by what

A

a hematoma and occasional contrast extravasation

41
Q

what is a blood clot in the pulmonary artery system

A

pulmonary embolus

42
Q

how is a pulmonary embolus shortend

A

PE

43
Q

what typically arrive in the pulmonary arteries after being dislodged from the lower extremities where they begin as a DVT

A

PE

44
Q

what is any condition putting a patient in a _________ state increase the risk for a PE

A

hypercoagulable

45
Q

what are the risk factors of PE’s

A

pregnancy, bed-rest,immobility, malignancy, or recent surgery

46
Q

how do PE’s present

A

as filling defects in pulmonary artery system

47
Q

where do PE’s extend across

A

pulmonary artery trunk to both pulmonary arteries

48
Q

what is it called when the PE extend across pulmonary trunk

A

saddle PE

Pathology (15 decks)

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