Cardiovascular system Flashcards
what does CAD stand for
coronary artery disease
what is a condition of progressive narrowing of coronary arteries
CAD
depending on what, a patient may or may not experience symptoms of CAD
degree of blockage
what can CAD result in
myocardial infarction if blood flow to heart is inhibited
what is CAD caused by
accumulation of plaque in the arterials
what is the traditional imaging modality used to evaluate CAD
interventional radiography
what growing technologies are becoming a valuable supplement to traditional angiography
MRI and CT
how does CAD present in sectional imaging
as coronary artery stenosis visualized as filling defects in the coronary vessel
MRI and CT of coronary arteries is often acquired at ______ planes for better visualization of pathologies and anomalies
unconventional
what is a condition of excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac
pericardial effusion
what is a condition that can be fatal
pericardial effusion
what does the excess fluid in pericardial effusion inhibit
ability of the heart expand and contract fully
what is comprised that eventually results in death when talking about pericardial effusion
coronary and system blood perfusion
what are the 2 different ways pericardial effusions can be
primary, or secondary
a primary pericardial effusion means what
no known cause
a secondary pericardial effusion can be secondary to what
to infection, MI or surgery
how is a pericardial effusion imaged
excess fluid accumulation visualized in pericardial sac
what is a generic term referring to enlargement of the heart for any reason
cardiomegaly
what is cardiomegaly often associated with
decreasing cardiac function
what is a syndrome in which the heart cannot adequately circulate blood through the body to maintain adequate tissue perfusion
Congestive heart failure
what may the heart’s inability to sufficiently circulate blood through the body result of
defective cardiac filling or impaired contraction and emptying
what is an example of a defective cardiac filing
valve malfunciton
in an effort to improve tissue perfusion, compensatory mechanisms increase what
blood volume, cardiac filling pressure, and myocardium muscle mass
what is the most apparent sign of CHF in sectional imaging
cardiomegaly
what is important to distinguish CHF from other potential causes of cardiomegaly
clinical correlation
what is one of the most common tumors of the heart
myxoma
is a myxoma benign or malignant
benign
where do myxoma generally grow from
interatrial septum
where do myxoma extend into
left atrium
how are most myxoma discovered
incidentally
how do myxomas appear
as minimally enhancing, well-defined mass
where are myxomas almost always in
left atrium
what is an abnormal widening of an artery
aneursym
where do aneurysm’s commonly occur
in thoracic and abdominal aorta
how does an aneurysms appear
larger than a healthy, non-disease vessel
how may an aneurysms also be
dissected
what does dissecting aneurysms have
two lumens (true or false)
how are the lumens partitioned by
intimal flap that has torn away from the wall of the artery
what can sometimes happen to aneurysms
can rupture
a ruptured aneurysm will be accompanied by what
a hematoma and occasional contrast extravasation
what is a blood clot in the pulmonary artery system
pulmonary embolus
how is a pulmonary embolus shortend
PE
what typically arrive in the pulmonary arteries after being dislodged from the lower extremities where they begin as a DVT
PE
what is any condition putting a patient in a _________ state increase the risk for a PE
hypercoagulable
what are the risk factors of PE’s
pregnancy, bed-rest,immobility, malignancy, or recent surgery
how do PE’s present
as filling defects in pulmonary artery system
where do PE’s extend across
pulmonary artery trunk to both pulmonary arteries
what is it called when the PE extend across pulmonary trunk
saddle PE
