Cardiovascular system

Question 1

what does CAD stand for

Answer 1

coronary artery disease

Question 2

what is a condition of progressive narrowing of coronary arteries

Answer 2

CAD

Question 3

depending on what, a patient may or may not experience symptoms of CAD

Answer 3

degree of blockage

Question 4

what can CAD result in

Answer 4

myocardial infarction if blood flow to heart is inhibited

Question 5

what is CAD caused by

Answer 5

accumulation of plaque in the arterials

Question 6

what is the traditional imaging modality used to evaluate CAD

Answer 6

interventional radiography

Question 7

what growing technologies are becoming a valuable supplement to traditional angiography

Answer 7

MRI and CT

Question 8

how does CAD present in sectional imaging

Answer 8

as coronary artery stenosis visualized as filling defects in the coronary vessel

Question 9

MRI and CT of coronary arteries is often acquired at ______ planes for better visualization of pathologies and anomalies

Answer 9

unconventional

Question 10

what is a condition of excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac

Answer 10

pericardial effusion

Question 11

what is a condition that can be fatal

Answer 11

pericardial effusion

Question 12

what does the excess fluid in pericardial effusion inhibit

Answer 12

ability of the heart expand and contract fully

Question 13

what is comprised that eventually results in death when talking about pericardial effusion

Answer 13

coronary and system blood perfusion

Question 14

what are the 2 different ways pericardial effusions can be

Answer 14

primary, or secondary

Question 15

a primary pericardial effusion means what

Answer 15

no known cause

Question 16

a secondary pericardial effusion can be secondary to what

Answer 16

to infection, MI or surgery

Question 17

how is a pericardial effusion imaged

Answer 17

excess fluid accumulation visualized in pericardial sac

Question 18

what is a generic term referring to enlargement of the heart for any reason

Answer 18

cardiomegaly

Question 19

what is cardiomegaly often associated with

Answer 19

decreasing cardiac function

Question 20

what is a syndrome in which the heart cannot adequately circulate blood through the body to maintain adequate tissue perfusion

Answer 20

Congestive heart failure

Question 21

what may the heart’s inability to sufficiently circulate blood through the body result of

Answer 21

defective cardiac filling or impaired contraction and emptying

Question 22

what is an example of a defective cardiac filing

Answer 22

valve malfunciton

Question 23

in an effort to improve tissue perfusion, compensatory mechanisms increase what

Answer 23

blood volume, cardiac filling pressure, and myocardium muscle mass

Question 24

what is the most apparent sign of CHF in sectional imaging

Answer 24

cardiomegaly

Question 25

what is important to distinguish CHF from other potential causes of cardiomegaly

Answer 25

clinical correlation

Question 26

what is one of the most common tumors of the heart

Answer 26

myxoma

Question 27

is a myxoma benign or malignant

Answer 27

benign

Question 28

where do myxoma generally grow from

Answer 28

interatrial septum

Question 29

where do myxoma extend into

Answer 29

left atrium

Question 30

how are most myxoma discovered

Answer 30

incidentally

Question 31

how do myxomas appear

Answer 31

as minimally enhancing, well-defined mass

Question 32

where are myxomas almost always in

Answer 32

left atrium

Question 33

what is an abnormal widening of an artery

Answer 33

aneursym

Question 34

where do aneurysm's commonly occur

Answer 34

in thoracic and abdominal aorta

Question 35

how does an aneurysms appear

Answer 35

larger than a healthy, non-disease vessel

Question 36

how may an aneurysms also be

Answer 36

dissected

Question 37

what does dissecting aneurysms have

Answer 37

two lumens (true or false)

Question 38

how are the lumens partitioned by

Answer 38

intimal flap that has torn away from the wall of the artery

Question 39

what can sometimes happen to aneurysms

Answer 39

can rupture

Question 40

a ruptured aneurysm will be accompanied by what

Answer 40

a hematoma and occasional contrast extravasation

Question 41

what is a blood clot in the pulmonary artery system

Answer 41

pulmonary embolus

Question 42

how is a pulmonary embolus shortend

Answer 42

PE

Question 43

what typically arrive in the pulmonary arteries after being dislodged from the lower extremities where they begin as a DVT

Answer 43

PE

Question 44

what is any condition putting a patient in a _________ state increase the risk for a PE

Answer 44

hypercoagulable

Question 45

what are the risk factors of PE's

Answer 45

pregnancy, bed-rest,immobility, malignancy, or recent surgery

Question 46

how do PE's present

Answer 46

as filling defects in pulmonary artery system

Question 47

where do PE's extend across

Answer 47

pulmonary artery trunk to both pulmonary arteries

Question 48

what is it called when the PE extend across pulmonary trunk

Answer 48

saddle PE