spinal nerves Flashcards by Summer O.

when does the spinal cord end

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what are the 5 parts of the spinal cord

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

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what is the tapering of the inferior end of the spinal cord called

conus medullaris

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what is inferior to the cornus medullaris

the cauda equina

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what is within the cauda equina that helps anchor the conus medullaris to the coccyx

the filum terminale

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how many spinal cord nerve pairs are there

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how many cervical nerves are there

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how many thoracic nerves are there

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how many lumbar nerves are there

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how many sacral nerves are there

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how many coccygeal nerves are there

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where would you do a spinal tap

between L3 and L4

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where is the spinal cord the fattest

the cervical region
the cervical enlargement
the lumbosacral enlargement

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what are the structures and spaces that encircle the spinal cord (from outermost to innermost)

vertebral bones
epidural space
dura mater
subdural space (potential)
arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space
pia mater

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what are some of the causes of intracranial hypotention

CSF leak from damaged cribiform plate
leakage after spinal tap
leakage from epidural anesthesia
weakness in the dura
spinal/cranial trauma
rupure of arachnoid villus

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what are some of the symptoms of intracranial hypotension

severe headache when upright, nausea, vomiting, double vision, difficulty with concentration

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what are some treatments for intracranial hypotention (if its a leak and the leak site is found)

epidural blood patch
surgical repair
replacing defective shunts

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what is a dermatome

areas of skin on your body that rely on specific nerve connections on your spine

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what is referred visceral pain

pain or discomfort from one organ is mistakenly referred to a dermatome

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what is the sciency name for a heart attack

myocardial infarction

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which dermatomes have referred pain during a heart attack

T1-5

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which dermatomes have referred for kidney disease or ureter pain

T10-L2

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what is a brain freeze

quick warming of the hard palate

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what is a myotome

muscle(s) served by a single nerve root (motor equivalent of a dermatome)

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_______ ______ is a network of interweaving spinal nerves

nerve plexus

which spinal nerves DO NOT form nerve plexuses

T2-12 and S5-Co

what nerves are in the cervical plexuses

C1-4 (C5 lends some axons but its not part of it)

what is the name of the only motor nerve to innervate the diaphragm

the phrenic nerve

how are hiccups caused

irritation to the phrenic nerve causing spasmoidic contractions of the diaphragm, this in turn causes the epiglottis to close suddenly and make the hiccup noise

which spinal nerves form the brachial plexuses

C5-T1

what are the five major named nerves that arise from the brachial plexuses

axillary median musculocutaneous radial ulnar

what does the axillary nerve innervate

the deltoid and the teres minor

where does the axillary nerve receive sensory info from

superolateral part of the arm and skin

what muscles does the median nerve innervate

most of the anterior forearm muscles +several muscles in the palm

where does the median nerve receive sensory info from

palm side of fingers 1-3 and the lateral half of finger four

what muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

where does the musculocutaneous nerve receive sensory information from

lateral surface of the forearm

what muscles are innervated by the radial nerve

triceps brachii along with other extensors of the hand and forearm

where does the radial nerve receive sensory info from

posterior arm forearm surface lateral half of the dorsal side of the hand

where does the ulnar nerve receive sensory info from

skin of the dorsal and palmar aspects of finger 5 and medial half of 4

what muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate

some of the anterior forearm muscles and many of the muscles in the palm

where are the lumbar plexuses found

lateral to the L1-4 vertebrae and along the psoas major

what nerves make up the lumbar plexuses

L1-4

what are the 2 nerves in the lumbar plexus

femoral and obturator

what muscles does the femoral nerve innervate

quadriceps femoris, sartorius, and iliopsoas

where does the femoral nerve recieve sensory info from

anterior and inferomedial thigh as well as medial aspect of the leg

which nerve causes meralgia paresthetica when its compressed by tight underwear, belts, or waistbands

femoral cutaneous nerve

what condition is characterized by tingling, burning sensation, or numbness of the outer thigh

meralgia paresthetica

which nerve is the kicking nerve

femoral

what muscles does the obturator nerve innervate

gracilis and other thigh muscles

where does the obturator nerve recieve its sensory info

superomedial skin of the thigh

what nerves form the sacral plexuses

L4-S4

what is the longest nerve in the body

sciatic nerve

what two nerves is the sciatic nerve actually made out of

tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve

what muscles does the tibial nerve innervate

hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus

where does the tibial nerve recieve sensory info from

sole of the foot

what muscles does the common fibular nerve innervate

peroneus longus and tibialis anterior

where does the common fibular nerve receive sensory info from

anterolateral part of the leg the toes dorsal surface of the foot

what is cauda euina syndrome and what does it cause

damage to the cauda equina causes loss of function of nerve roots in the spinal canal below the termination of the spinal cord

what specific things can cause cauda equina syndrome

tumors, needle trauma, lumbar fractures, severe disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or inflammatory conditions

how is cauda equina syndrome diagnosed

loss of sensation in the perineal and upper medial thigh region (saddle anesthesia) bladder and bowel dysfunction sciatica sexual dysfunction weakness in both legs that can lead to paraplegia

how is cauda equina syndrome treated

surgical decompression

what is the term for a person who has paralysis of all four limbs and needs a respirator

respirator-dependent quadriplegic

injury to the spinal cord _____ _____ would result in someone being a respirator-dependent quadriplegic

at/above C3

trauma between ___ and ___ typically results in quadriplegia (not respirator dependent though!!)

c4 and c7

what is someone who has paralysis of the lower extremities called

paraplegic

trauma to the spinal cord between ___ and ___ may lead to paraplegia

T1 and L1