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HUMAN ANATOMY FROM HELL > spinal nerves > Flashcards

spinal nerves Flashcards

1
Q

when does the spinal cord end

A

L1

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2
Q

what are the 5 parts of the spinal cord

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

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3
Q

what is the tapering of the inferior end of the spinal cord called

A

conus medullaris

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4
Q

what is inferior to the cornus medullaris

A

the cauda equina

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5
Q

what is within the cauda equina that helps anchor the conus medullaris to the coccyx

A

the filum terminale

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6
Q

how many spinal cord nerve pairs are there

A

31

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7
Q

how many cervical nerves are there

A

8

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8
Q

how many thoracic nerves are there

A

12

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9
Q

how many lumbar nerves are there

A

5

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10
Q

how many sacral nerves are there

A

5

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11
Q

how many coccygeal nerves are there

A

1

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12
Q

where would you do a spinal tap

A

between L3 and L4

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13
Q

where is the spinal cord the fattest

A

the cervical region
the cervical enlargement
the lumbosacral enlargement

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14
Q

what are the structures and spaces that encircle the spinal cord (from outermost to innermost)

A
  1. vertebral bones
  2. epidural space
  3. dura mater
  4. subdural space (potential)
  5. arachnoid mater
  6. subarachnoid space
  7. pia mater
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15
Q

what are some of the causes of intracranial hypotention

A

CSF leak from damaged cribiform plate
leakage after spinal tap
leakage from epidural anesthesia
weakness in the dura
spinal/cranial trauma
rupure of arachnoid villus

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16
Q

what are some of the symptoms of intracranial hypotension

A

severe headache when upright, nausea, vomiting, double vision, difficulty with concentration

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17
Q

what are some treatments for intracranial hypotention (if its a leak and the leak site is found)

A

epidural blood patch
surgical repair
replacing defective shunts

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18
Q

what is a dermatome

A

areas of skin on your body that rely on specific nerve connections on your spine

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19
Q

what is referred visceral pain

A

pain or discomfort from one organ is mistakenly referred to a dermatome

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20
Q

what is the sciency name for a heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

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21
Q

which dermatomes have referred pain during a heart attack

A

T1-5

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22
Q

which dermatomes have referred for kidney disease or ureter pain

A

T10-L2

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23
Q

what is a brain freeze

A

quick warming of the hard palate

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24
Q

what is a myotome

A

muscle(s) served by a single nerve root (motor equivalent of a dermatome)

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25
Q

_______ ______ is a network of interweaving spinal nerves

A

nerve plexus

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26
Q

which spinal nerves DO NOT form nerve plexuses

A

T2-12 and S5-Co

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27
Q

what nerves are in the cervical plexuses

A

C1-4 (C5 lends some axons but its not part of it)

28
Q

what is the name of the only motor nerve to innervate the diaphragm

A

the phrenic nerve

29
Q

how are hiccups caused

A

irritation to the phrenic nerve causing spasmoidic contractions of the diaphragm, this in turn causes the epiglottis to close suddenly and make the hiccup noise

30
Q

which spinal nerves form the brachial plexuses

A

C5-T1

31
Q

what are the five major named nerves that arise from the brachial plexuses

A

axillary
median
musculocutaneous
radial
ulnar

32
Q

what does the axillary nerve innervate

A

the deltoid and the teres minor

33
Q

where does the axillary nerve receive sensory info from

A

superolateral part of the arm and skin

34
Q

what muscles does the median nerve innervate

A

most of the anterior forearm muscles +several muscles in the palm

35
Q

where does the median nerve receive sensory info from

A

palm side of fingers 1-3 and the lateral half of finger four

36
Q

what muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

37
Q

where does the musculocutaneous nerve receive sensory information from

A

lateral surface of the forearm

38
Q

what muscles are innervated by the radial nerve

A

triceps brachii along with other extensors of the hand and forearm

39
Q

where does the radial nerve receive sensory info from

A

posterior arm
forearm surface
lateral half of the dorsal side of the hand

40
Q

where does the ulnar nerve receive sensory info from

A

skin of the dorsal and palmar aspects of finger 5 and medial half of 4

41
Q

what muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

some of the anterior forearm muscles and many of the muscles in the palm

42
Q

where are the lumbar plexuses found

A

lateral to the L1-4 vertebrae and along the psoas major

43
Q

what nerves make up the lumbar plexuses

A

L1-4

44
Q

what are the 2 nerves in the lumbar plexus

A

femoral and obturator

45
Q

what muscles does the femoral nerve innervate

A

quadriceps femoris, sartorius, and iliopsoas

46
Q

where does the femoral nerve recieve sensory info from

A

anterior and inferomedial thigh as well as medial aspect of the leg

47
Q

which nerve causes meralgia paresthetica when its compressed by tight underwear, belts, or waistbands

A

femoral cutaneous nerve

48
Q

what condition is characterized by tingling, burning sensation, or numbness of the outer thigh

A

meralgia paresthetica

49
Q

which nerve is the kicking nerve

A

femoral

50
Q

what muscles does the obturator nerve innervate

A

gracilis and other thigh muscles

51
Q

where does the obturator nerve recieve its sensory info

A

superomedial skin of the thigh

52
Q

what nerves form the sacral plexuses

A

L4-S4

53
Q

what is the longest nerve in the body

A

sciatic nerve

54
Q

what two nerves is the sciatic nerve actually made out of

A

tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve

55
Q

what muscles does the tibial nerve innervate

A

hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus

56
Q

where does the tibial nerve recieve sensory info from

A

sole of the foot

57
Q

what muscles does the common fibular nerve innervate

A

peroneus longus and tibialis anterior

58
Q

where does the common fibular nerve receive sensory info from

A

anterolateral part of the leg
the toes
dorsal surface of the foot

59
Q

what is cauda euina syndrome and what does it cause

A

damage to the cauda equina
causes loss of function of nerve roots in the spinal canal below the termination of the spinal cord

60
Q

what specific things can cause cauda equina syndrome

A

tumors, needle trauma, lumbar fractures, severe disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or inflammatory conditions

61
Q

how is cauda equina syndrome diagnosed

A

loss of sensation in the perineal and upper medial thigh region (saddle anesthesia)
bladder and bowel dysfunction
sciatica
sexual dysfunction
weakness in both legs that can lead to paraplegia

62
Q

how is cauda equina syndrome treated

A

surgical decompression

63
Q

what is the term for a person who has paralysis of all four limbs and needs a respirator

A

respirator-dependent quadriplegic

64
Q

injury to the spinal cord _____ _____ would result in someone being a respirator-dependent quadriplegic

A

at/above C3

65
Q

trauma between ___ and ___ typically results in quadriplegia (not respirator dependent though!!)

A

c4 and c7

66
Q

what is someone who has paralysis of the lower extremities called

A

paraplegic

67
Q

trauma to the spinal cord between ___ and ___ may lead to paraplegia

A

T1 and L1

HUMAN ANATOMY FROM HELL (28 decks)

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