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HUMAN ANATOMY FROM HELL > brian > Flashcards

brian Flashcards

1
Q

what is the average volume of a human brain

A

1350 cc its also 3 lbs

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2
Q

what are the four major regions of the brain

A

the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

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3
Q

what are the folds in the brain called

A

gyri

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4
Q

what are the shallow depressions between the brain folds called

A

sulci

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5
Q

what five regions appear by the fifth week of fetal development

A
  1. telencephalon
  2. diencephalon
  3. mesencephalon
  4. metencephalon
  5. myelencephalon
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6
Q

what does the telencephalon turn into

A

cerebrum

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7
Q

what does the diencephalon turn into

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus (theyre all still grouped together and called the diencephalon though)

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8
Q

what does the mesencephalon turn into

A

a short section of the brain stem between the diencephalon and the pons

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9
Q

what does the metencephalon turn into

A

pons and cerebellum

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10
Q

what does the myelencephalon turn into

A

medulla oblongata

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11
Q

what is another name for gray matter

A

cerebral cortex

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12
Q

why is gray matter gray

A

not myelinated

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13
Q

what does gray matter house

A

motor neurons and interneuron cell bodies
dendrites
branching axon terminals
unmyelinated axons

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14
Q

what is the inner region of white matter deep to the gray cerebral cortex matter called

A

the medulla

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15
Q

what is the arrangement of white/gray matter in the brain vs the spine

A

gray outside white inside=brain
gray inside white outside= spine

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16
Q

what are some of the structures that support and isolate the brain

A

the cranium (skull)
meninges (3)
cerebrospinal fluid
blood brain barrier

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17
Q

what do the meninges do

A

separate he brain from the skull bones, enclose/protect supplying blood vessels, contain CSF

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18
Q

what are the 3 meninges (deep to surface)

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

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19
Q

what is the space immediately deep to the arachnoid called

A

subarachnoid space

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20
Q

what are the spider web lookin things in the arachnoid mater called

A

trabeculae

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21
Q

what is the potential space between the arachnoid mater and dura mater called

A

subdural space

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22
Q

when does the subdural space go from potential to actual

A

if fluid or blood accumlates (subdural hematoma)

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23
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dura mater (deep to superfiscial)

A

meningeal layer
periosteal layer

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24
Q

the meningeal layer of the dura mater is usually fused to the periosteal layer of the dura mater except in specific spots where they separate to form large blood filled spaces called _____ ______ ______

A

dural venous sinuses

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25
the dura mater and the overlying bones of the skull may be separated by a potential space called the ______ ______ (this is where the arteries/veins that feed the meninges/skull bones live !!^^)
epidural space
26
when does the epidural space go from potential to real
epidural hematoma fluid accumulation
27
what are cranial dural septa
where the meningeal layer of the dura mater extends as flat partitions into the cranial cavity
28
what are the four cranial dura septa called
falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae
29
what does the falx cerebri split
partially separates cerebral hemispheres
30
what are the anterior attachment sites for the falx cerebri
crista calli and frontal crest of frontal bone
31
what are the posterior attachment sites for the falx cerebri
superior portion of tentorium cerebelli and internal occipital crest
32
what is called when pressure builds up causing a portion of one cerebral hemisphere to shift under the falx cerebri
dubalcine brain herniation
33
what does the tentorium cerebelli split up
the little brain from the big brain (cerebrum from cerebellum)
34
what is the name for small gap in the anterior surface of the tentorium cerebelli where the brainstem can pass through
tentorial notch/incisure`
35
what does the falx cerebelli split
the left and right cerebellar hemispheres
36
what does the diaphragma sellae do
forms a little roof over the sella turcica
37
how many ventricles are there
4
38
where are ventricles 1 and 2
in the cerebrum (1 is right 2 is left) also called lateral ventricles
39
what is the thin partition that separates the lateral ventricles (of the brain) from each other called
septum pellucidum
40
where is the third ventricle
w/in the diencephalon
41
where is the fourth ventricle
between the pons and cerebellum (brain stem)
42
what are the deeper grooves in the brain called
fissures
43
what is the largest white matter tract that allows the L and R cerebral hemispheres to communicate
corpus callosum
44
what are the 5 lobes of the brain
frontal lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes, occipital lobes, the insula
45
what is the frontal lobe primarly concerned with
voluntary motor functions concentration verbal communications decision making planning personality
46
what are the parietal lobes involved with
sensory functions understanding speech and formulating words to express thoughts/emotions
47
what are the temporal lobes concerned with
hearing interpreting speech/langugage smell
48
what are the occipital lobes in charge of
processing incoming visual info storing visual memories integration of eye movements
49
which lobes is speech found in
frontal, parietal, temporal
50
what is the insula in charge of
memory interpretation of taste empathy/emotional responses
51
explain coup-contrecoup
blow to the head causes brain to smack into the inner surface of the skull then rebounding off that and smacking the opposite side of the skull
52
what is the diencephalon in charge of
it provides the relay and switching centers for some sensory and motor pathways and for control of visceral activities
53
what are the 3 parts of the diencephalon
epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
54
what part of the diencephalon does the epithalamus form
the posterior roof
55
what hormone does the pineal gland secrete
meletonin which regulates the circadian rhythm
56
where is the pineal gland
epithalamus
57
what does the thalamus do
filters out repetitive or nonessential sights and sounds and lets the cerebrum know where all sensory info comes from
58
where is the hypothalamus in the diencephalon
in the anteroinferior region
59
what connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland
infundibulum or pituitary stalk
60
what does the hypothalamus do
master control of autonomic motor system and endocrine system. controls body temp. is the center of the limbic system. controls thirst. works with pineal gland to control circadian rhythm
61
what are the 3 regions of the brainstem
mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata
62
what is the mesencephalon in the brainstem in charge of
visual and auditory reflexes, control of posture and movement
63
what is the pons in charge of
relays impulses and helps with sound localization also helps regulate breathing
64
what is the medulla oblongata in charge of
sensory relay spot for several cranial nerves relay to the thalamus Cardiac center- regulates HR and contraction strength vasomotor center- controls constriction/relaxation of the smooth muscle in the walls of the smallest arteries (arterioles) respiratory center
65
what is the outer layer of the cerebellar gray matter called
cerebellar cortex
66
what is the internal region of white matter that resembles the branches of a tree called
arbor vitae- tree of life
67
what is it called when when the inferior part of the cerebellum is pushed out of the foramen magnum
chiari malformation
68
what are the 2 functional systems of the brain
the reticular formation and the limbic system
69
what are the two components of the reticular formation of the brain
the motor component and the sensory component
70
what is the motor component of the reticular formation of the brain in charge of
regulating muscle tone
71
what is the sensory component of the reticular formation of the brain in charge of
responsible for alerting the cerebrum to incoming sensory infow
72
what is the sensory component of the reticular formation also called
the reticular activating system
73
what is the reticular activating system in charge of
maintaining a state of awareness or consciousness
74
what is the limbic system in charge of
processing and experiencing emotions
75
what is another word for rostrocaudal brain deterioration
brain code
76
what causes rostrocaudal brain deterioration
a sequence of events that happens when the cerebrum pushes down through the tentorial incisure because of head trauma, intercranial bleeding, tumors, inflammation, or cerebral adema
77
what is transforaminal herniaton
the brain squeezing out of the foramen magnum
78
what does decorticate posture look like
like someone holding the covers of a blanket theyve been tucked into
79
what does decerebrate posturing look like
like a waiter trying to sneakily reach for a tip behind him
80
what causes decorticate posturing
when the cerebrum pushes down on the midbrain
81
what causes decerebrate posturing
when the cerebrum and midbrain push down on the upper pons
82
what is a bulge in the wall of a cerebral artery that ruptures called
an aneurism
83
what is a build up of fatty plaques in a cerebral arterial wall that disrupts blood flow called
atherosclerosis

HUMAN ANATOMY FROM HELL (28 decks)

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