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HUMAN ANATOMY FROM HELL > brian > Flashcards

brian Flashcards

1
Q

what is the average volume of a human brain

A

1350 cc its also 3 lbs

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2
Q

what are the four major regions of the brain

A

the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

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3
Q

what are the folds in the brain called

A

gyri

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4
Q

what are the shallow depressions between the brain folds called

A

sulci

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5
Q

what five regions appear by the fifth week of fetal development

A
  1. telencephalon
  2. diencephalon
  3. mesencephalon
  4. metencephalon
  5. myelencephalon
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6
Q

what does the telencephalon turn into

A

cerebrum

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7
Q

what does the diencephalon turn into

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus (theyre all still grouped together and called the diencephalon though)

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8
Q

what does the mesencephalon turn into

A

a short section of the brain stem between the diencephalon and the pons

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9
Q

what does the metencephalon turn into

A

pons and cerebellum

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10
Q

what does the myelencephalon turn into

A

medulla oblongata

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11
Q

what is another name for gray matter

A

cerebral cortex

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12
Q

why is gray matter gray

A

not myelinated

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13
Q

what does gray matter house

A

motor neurons and interneuron cell bodies
dendrites
branching axon terminals
unmyelinated axons

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14
Q

what is the inner region of white matter deep to the gray cerebral cortex matter called

A

the medulla

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15
Q

what is the arrangement of white/gray matter in the brain vs the spine

A

gray outside white inside=brain
gray inside white outside= spine

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16
Q

what are some of the structures that support and isolate the brain

A

the cranium (skull)
meninges (3)
cerebrospinal fluid
blood brain barrier

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17
Q

what do the meninges do

A

separate he brain from the skull bones, enclose/protect supplying blood vessels, contain CSF

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18
Q

what are the 3 meninges (deep to surface)

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

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19
Q

what is the space immediately deep to the arachnoid called

A

subarachnoid space

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20
Q

what are the spider web lookin things in the arachnoid mater called

A

trabeculae

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21
Q

what is the potential space between the arachnoid mater and dura mater called

A

subdural space

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22
Q

when does the subdural space go from potential to actual

A

if fluid or blood accumlates (subdural hematoma)

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23
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dura mater (deep to superfiscial)

A

meningeal layer
periosteal layer

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24
Q

the meningeal layer of the dura mater is usually fused to the periosteal layer of the dura mater except in specific spots where they separate to form large blood filled spaces called _____ ______ ______

A

dural venous sinuses

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25
Q

the dura mater and the overlying bones of the skull may be separated by a potential space called the ______ ______ (this is where the arteries/veins that feed the meninges/skull bones live !!^^)

A

epidural space

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26
Q

when does the epidural space go from potential to real

A

epidural hematoma fluid accumulation

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27
Q

what are cranial dural septa

A

where the meningeal layer of the dura mater extends as flat partitions into the cranial cavity

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28
Q

what are the four cranial dura septa called

A

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae

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29
Q

what does the falx cerebri split

A

partially separates cerebral hemispheres

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30
Q

what are the anterior attachment sites for the falx cerebri

A

crista calli and frontal crest of frontal bone

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31
Q

what are the posterior attachment sites for the falx cerebri

A

superior portion of tentorium cerebelli and internal occipital crest

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32
Q

what is called when pressure builds up causing a portion of one cerebral hemisphere to shift under the falx cerebri

A

dubalcine brain herniation

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33
Q

what does the tentorium cerebelli split up

A

the little brain from the big brain (cerebrum from cerebellum)

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34
Q

what is the name for small gap in the anterior surface of the tentorium cerebelli where the brainstem can pass through

A

tentorial notch/incisure`

35
Q

what does the falx cerebelli split

A

the left and right cerebellar hemispheres

36
Q

what does the diaphragma sellae do

A

forms a little roof over the sella turcica

37
Q

how many ventricles are there

A

4

38
Q

where are ventricles 1 and 2

A

in the cerebrum (1 is right 2 is left) also called lateral ventricles

39
Q

what is the thin partition that separates the lateral ventricles (of the brain) from each other called

A

septum pellucidum

40
Q

where is the third ventricle

A

w/in the diencephalon

41
Q

where is the fourth ventricle

A

between the pons and cerebellum (brain stem)

42
Q

what are the deeper grooves in the brain called

A

fissures

43
Q

what is the largest white matter tract that allows the L and R cerebral hemispheres to communicate

A

corpus callosum

44
Q

what are the 5 lobes of the brain

A

frontal lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes, occipital lobes, the insula

45
Q

what is the frontal lobe primarly concerned with

A

voluntary motor functions
concentration
verbal communications
decision making
planning
personality

46
Q

what are the parietal lobes involved with

A

sensory functions
understanding speech and formulating words to express thoughts/emotions

47
Q

what are the temporal lobes concerned with

A

hearing
interpreting speech/langugage
smell

48
Q

what are the occipital lobes in charge of

A

processing incoming visual info
storing visual memories
integration of eye movements

49
Q

which lobes is speech found in

A

frontal, parietal, temporal

50
Q

what is the insula in charge of

A

memory
interpretation of taste
empathy/emotional responses

51
Q

explain coup-contrecoup

A

blow to the head causes brain to smack into the inner surface of the skull then rebounding off that and smacking the opposite side of the skull

52
Q

what is the diencephalon in charge of

A

it provides the relay and switching centers for some sensory and motor pathways and for control of visceral activities

53
Q

what are the 3 parts of the diencephalon

A

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

54
Q

what part of the diencephalon does the epithalamus form

A

the posterior roof

55
Q

what hormone does the pineal gland secrete

A

meletonin which regulates the circadian rhythm

56
Q

where is the pineal gland

A

epithalamus

57
Q

what does the thalamus do

A

filters out repetitive or nonessential sights and sounds and lets the cerebrum know where all sensory info comes from

58
Q

where is the hypothalamus in the diencephalon

A

in the anteroinferior region

59
Q

what connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland

A

infundibulum or pituitary stalk

60
Q

what does the hypothalamus do

A

master control of autonomic motor system and endocrine system.
controls body temp.
is the center of the limbic system.
controls thirst.
works with pineal gland to control circadian rhythm

61
Q

what are the 3 regions of the brainstem

A

mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata

62
Q

what is the mesencephalon in the brainstem in charge of

A

visual and auditory reflexes, control of posture and movement

63
Q

what is the pons in charge of

A

relays impulses and helps with sound localization
also helps regulate breathing

64
Q

what is the medulla oblongata in charge of

A

sensory relay spot for several cranial nerves
relay to the thalamus
Cardiac center- regulates HR and contraction strength
vasomotor center- controls constriction/relaxation of the smooth muscle in the walls of the smallest arteries (arterioles)
respiratory center

65
Q

what is the outer layer of the cerebellar gray matter called

A

cerebellar cortex

66
Q

what is the internal region of white matter that resembles the branches of a tree called

A

arbor vitae- tree of life

67
Q

what is it called when when the inferior part of the cerebellum is pushed out of the foramen magnum

A

chiari malformation

68
Q

what are the 2 functional systems of the brain

A

the reticular formation and the limbic system

69
Q

what are the two components of the reticular formation of the brain

A

the motor component and the sensory component

70
Q

what is the motor component of the reticular formation of the brain in charge of

A

regulating muscle tone

71
Q

what is the sensory component of the reticular formation of the brain in charge of

A

responsible for alerting the cerebrum to incoming sensory infow

72
Q

what is the sensory component of the reticular formation also called

A

the reticular activating system

73
Q

what is the reticular activating system in charge of

A

maintaining a state of awareness or consciousness

74
Q

what is the limbic system in charge of

A

processing and experiencing emotions

75
Q

what is another word for rostrocaudal brain deterioration

A

brain code

76
Q

what causes rostrocaudal brain deterioration

A

a sequence of events that happens when the cerebrum pushes down through the tentorial incisure because of head trauma, intercranial bleeding, tumors, inflammation, or cerebral adema

77
Q

what is transforaminal herniaton

A

the brain squeezing out of the foramen magnum

78
Q

what does decorticate posture look like

A

like someone holding the covers of a blanket theyve been tucked into

79
Q

what does decerebrate posturing look like

A

like a waiter trying to sneakily reach for a tip behind him

80
Q

what causes decorticate posturing

A

when the cerebrum pushes down on the midbrain

81
Q

what causes decerebrate posturing

A

when the cerebrum and midbrain push down on the upper pons

82
Q

what is a bulge in the wall of a cerebral artery that ruptures called

A

an aneurism

83
Q

what is a build up of fatty plaques in a cerebral arterial wall that disrupts blood flow called

A

atherosclerosis

HUMAN ANATOMY FROM HELL (28 decks)

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