chapter 3 perhaps?

Question 1

what is the science concerned with the study of bones called

Answer 1

osteology

Question 2

some adults have extra bones w/in the joints (______) of the skull

Answer 2

sutures

Question 3

what are the extra bones w/in the joints/sutures of the skull called

Answer 3

sutural bones or wormian bones

Question 4

what are the bones that may develop in tendons in response to stress as the tendons repeatedly move across a joint called

Answer 4

sesamoid bones

Question 5

what is the largest sesamoid bone

Answer 5

the kneecap of patellae

Question 6

what is cartilage

Answer 6

a semirigid connective tissue thats weaker than bone but more flexible and resilient

Question 7

mature cartilage is _____

Answer 7

avascular

Question 8

what are the three types of cartilage

Answer 8

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

Question 9

the most abundant and weakest type of cartilage, is translucent

Answer 9

hyaline cartilage

Question 10

the type of cartilage with an extracellular matrix with numerous thick collagen fibers that help resist stretching/compression forces

Answer 10

firbrocartilage

Question 11

the type of cartilage that contains highly branched elastic fibers

Answer 11

elastic cartilage

Question 12

what is the process of blood cell formation called

Answer 12

hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis

Question 13

where is the red bone marrow located

Answer 13

in the spongy bone at the distal ends of long bones

Question 14

what is the red bone marrow called after it becomes inactive and turned into fatty tissue

Answer 14

yellow bone marrow

Question 15

where are the select bones where adults have active red marrow that forms blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Answer 15

flat bones of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum (breastbone), bones of the pelvic (ossa coxae), proximal end of the left/right humerus, proximal end of the right/left femur

Question 16

the hematopoiesis in the active red marrow occurs under the stimulation of ______________ produced by the kidneys

Answer 16

erythropoietin

Question 17

where is yellow bone marrow (in adults)

Answer 17

the shafts of long bones

Question 18

long bones

Answer 18

function as levers, bones of the upper/lower extremities

Question 19

short bones

Answer 19

cube shaped, transfer forces, typically the bones of the wrist and ankle, sesamoid bones are classified as short bones

Question 20

irregular bones

Answer 20

varied in shape and have many surface projections for muscle attachment or articulation (vertebrae, ossa coxae)

Question 21

the central shaft of long bones is called the _______

Answer 21

diaphysis

Question 22

the cylindrical space w/in the diaphysis

Answer 22

medullary cavity

Question 23

the medullary cavity is lined w a membrane called the _______

Answer 23

endosteum

Question 24

the expanded, knobby region on the ends of long bones

Answer 24

the epiphysis

Question 25

the epiphysis is comprised of an outer layer of ______ _____ and an inner layer of ____ ____

Answer 25

compact bone, spongy bone

Question 26

the epiphysis at a joint surface is covered in a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the:

Answer 26

articular cartilage

Question 27

a rough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that covers the surface of the bone except for areas covered by the articular cartilage

Answer 27

periosteum

Question 28

the periosteum is responsible for the growth in the _______ of the bone

Answer 28

width

Question 29

the region between the epiphysis and the diaphysis found in growing children and teens

Answer 29

epiphyseal growth plate

Question 30

the epiphyseal growth plate is responsible for the growth in ______ of the bone

Answer 30

length

Question 31

the miotic activity in the epiphyseal growth plate is controlled by

Answer 31

human growth hormone (somatotropin)

Question 32

the pituitary gland is nestled in the bony "_____ ____" of the ____ ____

Answer 32

"Sella turcica", sphenoid bone

Question 33

the only remnant of the piphyseal growth plate in adults is a defined area of compact bone called the

Answer 33

epiphyseal line

Question 34

stem cells located w/in both the periosteum and endosteum that gives rise to cells that become osteoblasts

Answer 34

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 35

tendons connect ___ to ___

Answer 35

bones to muscles

Question 36

ligaments connect ____ to ____

Answer 36

bones to bones

Question 37

the bone cells that make the bone

Answer 37

osteoblasts

Question 38

the initial semisolid form of bone matrix is called

Answer 38

osteoid

Question 39

the bone cells that maintain the bone matrix and detect stress on a bone

Answer 39

osteocytes

Question 40

the multinuclear phagocytic bone cells that break down bones

Answer 40

osteoclasts

Question 41

the process of breaking down bone is called

Answer 41

osteolysis

Question 42

bones consist of _____ _____ and _________ ______

Answer 42

organic compounds, inorganic compounds

Question 43

organic compounds make up 1/3 of bone mass and consist of ____, _____ ____, and ______ _____

Answer 43

cells, collagen fibers, ground substance

Question 44

the solid and relatively dense type of bone

Answer 44

compact bone

Question 45

the porous type of bone where red marrow lives in adults

Answer 45

spongy/cancellous bone

Question 46

the layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone in the flat bones of the skull is referred to as

Answer 46

dipolë (die-pole)

Question 47

growth from w/in the cartilage

Answer 47

interstitial growth

Question 48

growth along the edge of the cartilage

Answer 48

oppositional growth

Question 49

the primary component in bones

Answer 49

bone/osseous connective tissue

Question 50

calcification is

Answer 50

the process in which the bone matrix gets strong due to minerals being deposited

Question 51

end of the bone closest to the trunk

Answer 51

proximal epiphysis

Question 52

end of the bone farthest from the trunk

Answer 52

distal epiphysis

Question 53

calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide form

Answer 53

hydroxy apatite

Question 54

epiphyseal plate has 5 zones, they are (from farthest from medullary cavity to closest)

Answer 54

the zone of: 1. resting cartilage 2. proliferating cartilage 3. hypertrophic cartilage 4. calcified cartilage 5. ossification

Question 55

what blood vessels supply diaphysis of long bones

Answer 55

nutrient artery/vein

Question 56

what blood vessels supply the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate

Answer 56

metaphyseal arteries/veins

Question 57

what arteries supply the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate

Answer 57

epiphyseal arteries/veins

Question 58

what blood vessels provide blood to external structures in/outside the compact bone

Answer 58

periosteal arteries/veins

Question 59

________is produced by the kidney and stimulates the production of somatotropin in the anterior petuitary gland

Answer 59

erythropoietin

Question 60

what hormone stimulates the metabolic rate of osteoblasts

Answer 60

thyroid hormone

Question 61

what hormone promotes calcium deposition and stops osteoclast activity

Answer 61

calcitonin

Question 62

what hormone promotes the increase in blood calcium by promoting osteoclast activity

Answer 62

parathyroid hormone

Question 63

what hormones stimulates osteoblasts, promote epiphyseal growth plate growth and eventual close

Answer 63

sex hormones (estrogen/testosterone)

Question 64

what hormone promote bone reabsorbtion if levels are chronically too high

Answer 64

glucocorticoids

Question 65

what vitamin activates osteoblasts

Answer 65

vitamin A

Question 66

what vitamin promotes collagen production

Answer 66

vitamin C or ascorbic acid

Question 67

what vitamin promotes the absorbtion of calcium/phosphate in the blood

Answer 67

vitamin D

Question 68

a thin break in the bone caused by increased physical activity/load to the bone

Answer 68

stress fracture

Question 69

a break in the bone caused by trauma

Answer 69

pathologic fracture

Question 70

a broken bone that doesn't penetrate the skin

Answer 70

simple fracture

Question 71

one/both ends of the broken bones are piercing the skin

Answer 71

compound fracture

Question 72

stem cells in periosteum and endosteum

Answer 72

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 73

what bone cells build bones and secrete osteoid

Answer 73

osteoblasts

Question 74

what bone cells maintain bone, communicate the need for new bone

Answer 74

osteocytes

Question 75

what bone cells break down bones

Answer 75

osteoclasts

Question 76

where is hyaline cartilage found

Answer 76

the nose, trachea, larynx, articular joints, growth plates,

Question 77

where is fibrocartilage found

Answer 77

vertebral disks, pubic symphysis, meniscus

Question 78

where is elastic cartilage found

Answer 78

the epiglottis, the ear and ear canal

Question 79

in adults, where does hematopoiesis occur

Answer 79

flat bones of the skull, the vertebral bones, ribs and sternum, the ossa coxae, the proximal ends of the humerus and femur

Question 80

osteitis deformans

Answer 80

characterized by excessive bone reabsorption (osteoclasts) followed by excessive bone deposition (osteoblasts)

Question 81

achondroplasia

Answer 81

abnormal conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone

Question 82

rickets is caused by

Answer 82

a lack of vitamin D

Question 83

bone scans can

Answer 83

detect bone pathologies faster than xrays can w/o as much radiation

Question 84

bisphosphonates

Answer 84

interfere w/ osteoclast function and slow down bone loss increased risk of osteonecrosis

Question 85

what are the 3 reasons women are more likely to get osteoporosis `

Answer 85

1. have less bone mass than men 2. lose bone mass faster and start losing it earlier in live 3. postmenopause no estrogen which helps prevent osteoporosis

Question 86

chondroma

Answer 86

benign tumor from cartilage cells

Question 87

chondrosarcoma

Answer 87

malignant tumor from cartilage cells

Question 88

hyperostosis

Answer 88

excessive formation of bone tissue

Question 89

osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 89

brittle bone disease, affects collagen fiber distrobution/organization. occurs bc of impaired osteoblast function

Question 90

osteoma

Answer 90

brenign tumor in lamellar bone often in jaw/skull

Question 91

osteomalacia

Answer 91

vitmain D deficiency in adults, leads to demineralized bones (soft and bendy)

Question 92

osteomyelitis

Answer 92

infection/inflammation of bone marrow and surrounding areas

Question 93

osteosarcoma

Answer 93

most common and malignant type of bone sarcoma. comes from osteoblasts and attacks the ends of long bones