Speech Pathology Flashcards
what can cause dysphagia (4)
acute neuro event
progressive neuro disorders
general weakness
esophageal pathologies (reflux, motility disorders)
what cognitive issues can cause dysphagia (4)
dementia
head injury
lethargic
obtunded pts
what can RN’s do to manage dysphagia (6)
get hx
good oral mechanism exam
observe feeding & PO meds
assist w/ oral care
assist w/ feeding
hasten referrals if needed
s/s of dysphagia (13)
cannot manage oral secretions
difficulty chewing
prolonged chewing
pocketing food in buccal cavities
holding food in mouth for long periods
excessive drooling during meals
absent swallow
coughing/choking or throat clearing after swallows
pain w/ swallowing
recurrent pneumonia
wt loss
chronic dehydration or malnutrition
what are top 3 risks for aspiration pneumonia
dependence on feeding by others
dependence on oral care by others
missing or decaying teeth
what is silent aspiration
aspirated material is undetected by a desensitized trachea & no reflexive cough is triggered to reflect the airway
what are feeding/swallow precautions
chin-tuck
thickened liquids
follow-up swallows
straws v. no straws
throat clearing
one simply thick packet = ___ oz of liquid
4
what is the frazier water protocol
tool that allows & encourage pts @ high risk of aspiration to have ice & water throughout the day
what benefits come from the frazier water protocol (3)
gives NPO pts increased opportunities to swallow
increases hydration
improve pt’s state of mind
what are motor speech disorders (3)
dysarthria
voice disorders
apraxia (motor planning)
what pts do we see with motor speech disorders (4)
CVA (rt sided)
Parkinson’s
ALS
MS
what are language disorders (3)
expressive aphasia
receptive aphasia
mixed aphasia
what causes language disorders
left sided brain injury
what can cause cognitive communicative disorders (5)
head injury
right-brain injury
dementia
anoxic brain injury
toxic-metabolic encephalopathy
