Musculoskeletal Pharm Flashcards
there are two drugs that can treat osteoporosis agents that decrease ____ ______ & that promote _____ _____
bone resorption
bone formation
antiresorptive drugs (5)
estrogen
raloxifene
biphosphonates
calcitonin
denosumab
antiresorptive durgs reduce ____ activity and are beneficial in the ___ stages of osteoporosis
osteoclast
early
raloxifene is a ____ therapy drug
hormone
you should stop taking raloxifene 72 hours before ___ and should only resume when you are back to being _____
surgery
fully mobile
what are adverse effects of raloxifene (3)
venous thromboembolism
fetal harm
hot flashes
alendronate is a ______
bisphosphonate
what are side effects of alendronate (3)
anorexia
wt loss
gastritis
we want to take alendronate w/ a full glass of ____ and take ____ mins before food or other meds
water
30
we wan pts who take alendronate to stay upright for ___ mins after takin this med
30 mins
give calcitonin via ____ form @ ____ to minimize side effects
IM
night
we want to alternate ____ when using ____ form of calcitonin
nostrils
nasal
we must use a ___ supplement with calcitonin
Ca
denosumab is a
RANKL drug
denosumab is used in postmenpausal ___ & ____ who are @ risk for ____
women
men
fxs
denosumab is injected Subq every ___ months
6
teriparatide is a form of the ____ hormone
PTH
teriparatide is the only drug that ___ bone formation
increases
what are side effects of teriparatide
nausea
headache
back pain
leg cramps
what is the black box warning associated w/ teriparatide
increased risk of osteosarcoma
cephalosporins are low in ___ compared to other antibiotics
toxicity
cephalosporins are the most widely used group of ___
antibiotics
cephalosporins mechanism of action is to disrupt ___ synthesis
cell wall
what is the classification of cephalosporins
1st-4th generation
example of first gen cephalosporin
cefazolin
example of 2nd gen cephalosporin
cefaclor
ex. of 3rd gen cephalosporin
cefoperazone
ex. of 4th gen cephalosporin
cefepime
what things can interact w/ cephalosporins
probenecid
alcohol
drugs that promote bleeding
ca
ceftriaxone
what are adverse effects to cephalosporins (3)
allergic reaction
bleeding
thrombophlebitits
first & second gen cephalosporins are rarely used for _____ infections
active
1st & 2nd gen cephalsporins are used for ___
prophylaxis
3rd & 4th gen are used for ___ infections
active
Vancomycin is used for ____ infections only
severe
vancomycin can be used against
methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA)
Staph epidermidis
vancomycin can be used orally for what infection
c-diff
vancomycin is highly ____
toxic
what are adverse effects that can be caused by vanco
ototoxicity
red man syndrome
thrombophlebitis
thrombocytopenia
aminoglycosides are ___spectrum antibiotics
narrow
aminoglycosides are highly ___
toxic
what two names of aminoglycosides will we see
gentamicin
tobramycin
aminoglycosides can cause injury to ____ ear & ____
inner
kidney
not absorbed in the ____ tract
GI
what are adverse effects of aminoglycosides
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
hypersensitivity reactions
neuromuscular blockade
blood dyscrasias
what drug can aminoglycosides interact with
PCN
aminoglycosides should either be taken in a ____ large does each day or ___ to ___ smaller doses
single
2 to 3
peak levels for aminoglycosides must be high enough to ____ bacteria & low enogh to minimize _____
kill
toxicity
