Hyperkalemia Flashcards
what are the causes of hyperkalemia (5)
Cellular movement
Adrenal insufficiency w/ Addison’s disease
Renal failure
Excessive K intake
Drugs
what are s/s for hyperkal (6)
Muscle weakness
Urine production little/none
Resp failure
Decrease cardiac contractility
Early signs of muscle twitches/cramps
Rhythm changes
does hyperkal slow or quicken hrt rate
slow
hyperkal pt is at risk for what 3 hrt issues
heart block
a-fib
v-fib
severe hyperkal will decrease hrt _____
contractility
severe hyperkal will cause a ____ & _____ hrt
dilated
flaccid
ABG will indicate hyperkal by having a low ____ which indicates _____
pH
acidosis
what are treatments for hyperkal
K restricted diet
Stop K containing meds
Monitor for dig tox
Polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate)
Dialysis
What will we do for emergency medical treatment of hyperkal
Ca gluconate
hypertonic glucose & insulin
sodium bicarb
Ca gluconate does not decrease ____; it antagonizes K action on ____
K
heart
what does insulin do to K
moves K into cells
why do we give glucose along with insulin for emergency hyperkal
glucose increases insulin release from pancreas
sodium bicarb shifts K where
into the cells
what interventions will we implement for hyperkal pt
monitor for generalized weakness & dysrhythmias; irritability & Gi symps; nausea & intestinal colic; ECG or lab abnormalities
Prevention of hyperkal
Edu pt on diet & meds
Do NOT draw blood above K infusion site
