Hyponatremia Flashcards
What is are the causes of hyponatremia
Na excretion
Overload of fluid
Na intake low
Antidiuretic hormone oversecretion
how does Na excretion cause hyponatremia (7)
losses from renal issues
NG suction
vomiting
diuretics
sweating
diarrhea
decreases secretion of aldosterone (DI)
How does fluid overload cause hyponatremia
dilutes Na in blood
what types of fluid overload can cause hyponatremia (3)
CHF
RF
hypotonic fluids infusion
What causes antidiuretic oversecretion
SIADH
what are the s/s of hyponatremia (8)
Seizures & stupor
Abdominal cramping, attitude changes (confusion)
Lethargic
Tendon reflexes diminished, trouble concentrating (Confused)
Loss of urine & appetite
Orthostatic hypotension, overactive bowel sounds
Shallow respirations
Spasms of muscle
what should we think with sodium
think neuro
Hyponatremia will have a _____ serum osmolality
decreased, < 280
what are the treatments for hyponatremia
Na replacement: IV, PO, NGT
what iv fluids can we use to replace sodium if needed (2)
NS
LR
when replacing Na watch for signs of ______ or _____
fluid overload or pulmonary edema
the Na level must not be increased greater than _____ in _____ hrs
12
24
If fluid is lost due to water gain what treatments do we do (5)
Restrict H20 (safer than giving Na)
hypertonic solution 3%-5% NaCl
if there is edema only-restrict Na
if there is both edema & Na-restrict both
Loop diuretics
what pts are at risk for hyponatremia (4)
elderly
confused
infants
those NPO
what nursing interventions do we perform for hyponatremia (9)
monitor labs, I&Os, daily wt
review meds
GI manifestations
monitor for s/s of hyponat
monitor for neuro changes
oral hygiene
