Osteoporosis Flashcards
what is osteoporosis
chronic, progressive metabolic bone disease marked by:
low bone mass
deterioration of bone tissue that leads to increased bone fragility
the bone is often porous, _____ & prone to ______
brittle
fx
often affects what bones (4)
hips
pelvis
wrists
vertebra
what are 3 potential causes of osteoporosis
decreased estrogen (female)/testosterone (male)
decreased activity/exercise
decreased Ca, Vit D (maybe Mg, protein)
osteoporosis is more common is what sex
females
why does this disease affect more women (5)
lower Ca intake
less bone mass
bone resorption begins earlier & becomes more rapid @ menopause
pregnancy & breastfeeding
longevity
what are risk factors for osteoporosis (CALCIUM)
Ca & Vit D intake low
Age (65 & up also deceased testosterone & estrogen)
Lifestyle (smoking, regular alcohol use (over 2 drinks/day), sedentary or immobile)
Caucasian or Asian women
Inherited
Underweight
Meds
what are factors that can prevent osteoporosis (4)
regular wt-bearing exercise
Fluoride
Ca
Vit D
what are s/s of osteoporosis (FRAIL)
Fxs (hip, spine, wrist)
Rounding of upper back (Dowager’s hump/kyphosis)
Asymptomatic
Inches of ht lost (2-3 in)
where will these pts experience pain
low back, neck, hips
when will they usually experience this pain
on palpation or activity that puts pressure on bones
when is a bone density test performed for women
if they are over 65
if bone density test is normal for women, how often will they get screened
repeat in 15 yrs
what can diagnose osteoporosis (5)
H&P
x-ray & labs
bone mineral density
quantitative ultrasound
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
what can we tell our pts to focus on to help prevent osteoporosis from getting worse (5)
proper nutrition
ca supplements
exercise
prevention of fxs
drug therapy
