Sensory: Vision Flashcards
what are the leading causes of blindness (4)
macular degeneration
cataract
diabetic retinopathy
glaucoma
how do cataracts form (7)
age related
congenital
secondary
DM
UV light
2nd use of corticosteroids
Trauma
s/s of cataracts (5)
cloudy, opaque lens
decreased visual acuity
no pain
occurs gradually
decreased night vision
how do we treat cataracts (5)
removal of lens w/ lens implant
changing prescription
reading glasses
magnifiers
increased lighting
can we cure cataracts w/o surgery
no
what are the 2 types of glaucoma
closed angle
open angle
closed angle is an ___ sitiaution
emergency
closed angle is ___ onset
sudden
what are other names for closed angle glaucoma (3)
narrow-angle glaucoma
congestive glaucoma
pupillary closure glaucoma
open angle is the most ____ glaucoma
common
open angle is ____ onset
gradual
what are the names for open angle glaucoma (2)
chronic glaucoma
wide-angle glaucoma
what are the risk factors for glaucoma (5)
familial
over 40
DM
HTN
Hx of ocular problems
3 P’s of blindness for glaucoma
preventable
painless
permanent
what can treat glaucoma
beta-adrenergic blocking agents
beta-adrenergic blocking agents used primarily for ____ glaucoma
open-angle
beta-adrenergic blocking agents is for ___ therapy & ____ therapy
initial
maintenance
what is the name of beta-adrenergic blocking agent
timolol
what are adverse reactions of timolol (5)
bronchospasms
dyspnea
bradycardia
dizziness
heart block
timolol can potentiate ____ &/or mask s/s
hypoglycemia
what is macular degeneration
yellowing of lens & central vision gradually lost
what are s/s of dry macular degeneration (4)
develops gradually
need for brighter light
gradual haziness of central or overall vision
blurred spot in the center of field of vision
what are s/s of wet macular degeneration (3)
abrupt onset
rapid worsening & vision loss
well-defined blurry/blind spot of central vision
can we cure macular degeneration
no only slow progression
what can we give dry macular degeneration pts to help maintain vision (6)
antioxidants
zinc
selenium
Vit A
Vit C
Vit E
what things can we include in diet to help dry macular degeneration (3)
fruits
vegetables
fish w/ omega 3 fatty acids
what treatments can we do to help pts w/ wet macular degeneration (2)
injections into eye/laser
photodynamic therapy
what is diabetic retinopathy
microvascular damage to retina
non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the ___ occlusion of ___ blood vessels in retina causes ___aneurysms
partial
small
micro
proliferative diabetic retinopathy involves ___ & ____
retina
vitreous humor
proliferative can cause ___ detachment
retinal
diabetic retinopathy will initially cause no ____ in vison
changes
how can we treat diabetic retinopathy (2)
laser photocoagulation
vitrectomy
what does laser photocoagulation do for the eyes
destroys ischemic areas of retina
what is vitrectomy do for the eye
aspiration of blood, membrane, & fibers inside the eye
diabetic retinopathy pts are at increased risk for (2)
glaucoma
cataracts
