Sensory: Vision

Question 1

what are the leading causes of blindness (4)

Answer 1

macular degeneration
cataract
diabetic retinopathy
glaucoma

Question 2

how do cataracts form (7)

Answer 2

age related
congenital
secondary
DM
UV light
2nd use of corticosteroids
Trauma

Question 3

s/s of cataracts (5)

Answer 3

cloudy, opaque lens
decreased visual acuity
no pain
occurs gradually
decreased night vision

Question 4

how do we treat cataracts (5)

Answer 4

removal of lens w/ lens implant
changing prescription
reading glasses
magnifiers
increased lighting

Question 5

can we cure cataracts w/o surgery

Answer 5

no

Question 6

what are the 2 types of glaucoma

Answer 6

closed angle
open angle

Question 7

closed angle is an ___ sitiaution

Answer 7

emergency

Question 8

closed angle is ___ onset

Answer 8

sudden

Question 9

what are other names for closed angle glaucoma (3)

Answer 9

narrow-angle glaucoma
congestive glaucoma
pupillary closure glaucoma

Question 10

open angle is the most ____ glaucoma

Answer 10

common

Question 11

open angle is ____ onset

Answer 11

gradual

Question 12

what are the names for open angle glaucoma (2)

Answer 12

chronic glaucoma
wide-angle glaucoma

Question 13

what are the risk factors for glaucoma (5)

Answer 13

familial
over 40
DM
HTN
Hx of ocular problems

Question 14

3 P’s of blindness for glaucoma

Answer 14

preventable
painless
permanent

Question 15

what can treat glaucoma

Answer 15

beta-adrenergic blocking agents

Question 16

beta-adrenergic blocking agents used primarily for ____ glaucoma

Answer 16

open-angle

Question 17

beta-adrenergic blocking agents is for ___ therapy & ____ therapy

Answer 17

initial
maintenance

Question 18

what is the name of beta-adrenergic blocking agent

Answer 18

timolol

Question 19

what are adverse reactions of timolol (5)

Answer 19

bronchospasms
dyspnea
bradycardia
dizziness
heart block

Question 20

timolol can potentiate ____ &/or mask s/s

Answer 20

hypoglycemia

Question 21

what is macular degeneration

Answer 21

yellowing of lens & central vision gradually lost

Question 22

what are s/s of dry macular degeneration (4)

Answer 22

develops gradually
need for brighter light
gradual haziness of central or overall vision
blurred spot in the center of field of vision

Question 23

what are s/s of wet macular degeneration (3)

Answer 23

abrupt onset
rapid worsening & vision loss
well-defined blurry/blind spot of central vision

Question 24

can we cure macular degeneration

Answer 24

no only slow progression

Question 25

what can we give dry macular degeneration pts to help maintain vision (6)

Answer 25

antioxidants
zinc
selenium
Vit A
Vit C
Vit E

Question 26

what things can we include in diet to help dry macular degeneration (3)

Answer 26

fruits
vegetables
fish w/ omega 3 fatty acids

Question 27

what treatments can we do to help pts w/ wet macular degeneration (2)

Answer 27

injections into eye/laser
photodynamic therapy

Question 28

what is diabetic retinopathy

Answer 28

microvascular damage to retina

Question 29

non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the ___ occlusion of ___ blood vessels in retina causes ___aneurysms

Answer 29

partial
small
micro

Question 30

proliferative diabetic retinopathy involves ___ & ____

Answer 30

retina
vitreous humor

Question 31

proliferative can cause ___ detachment

Answer 31

retinal

Question 32

diabetic retinopathy will initially cause no ____ in vison

Answer 32

changes

Question 33

how can we treat diabetic retinopathy (2)

Answer 33

laser photocoagulation
vitrectomy

Question 34

what does laser photocoagulation do for the eyes

Answer 34

destroys ischemic areas of retina

Question 35

what is vitrectomy do for the eye

Answer 35

aspiration of blood, membrane, & fibers inside the eye

Question 36

diabetic retinopathy pts are at increased risk for (2)

Answer 36

glaucoma
cataracts