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IM 4 > MS > Flashcards

MS Flashcards

1
Q

what happens in the brain when someone has MS

A

segmental demyelination of nerve fibers of brain & spinal cord

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2
Q

what is the cause of MS

A

unknown

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3
Q

who does MS mostly affect

A

women b/w 20-50

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4
Q

MS is characterized by periods of ___ & ____

A

remission
exacerbation

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5
Q

what 3 patho processes characterize MS

A

chronic inflammation
demyelination
gliosis (scarring) in the CNS

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6
Q

the immune system ___ the myelin sheath

A

attacks

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7
Q

what are s/s of MS (9)

A

visual
motor problems
sensory problems
cerebellar problems
bowel dysfunction
bladder dysfunction
sexual dysfunction
cognitive issue
emotional problems

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8
Q

what are the sensory manifestations of MS (7)

A

numbness
tingling
pain
tremor
decreased hearing
vertigo
tinnitus
chronic neuropathic pain
lhermitte’s sign

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9
Q

what are motor manifestations of MS (4)

A

weakness or paralysis of limbs & trunk
spasticity of muscles
scanning of speech

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10
Q

what are the impaired bowel & bladder & functions for MS pts (4)

A

constipation
variable urinary problems
spastic bladder
flaccid bladder

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11
Q

what sexual dysfunctions can MS pts experience (3)

A

erectile dysfunction
decreased libido
painful intercourse

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12
Q

what are cognitive manifestations for MS (6)

A

short-term memory attention
information processing
attention
planning
visual perception
word finding

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13
Q

is there a definitive diagnostic test for MS

A

no

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14
Q

we can diagnose MS based on (3)

A

Hx
clinical manifestations
results of diagnostic tests

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15
Q

what are diagnostic tests we can do for MS (4)

A

CSF analysis
Evoked potential studies
neuropsychological testing
sexual hx

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16
Q

to confirm a dx of MS the pt has to have evidence of @ least __ inflammatory demyelinating lesions in @ least ___ different locations in CNS
also damage or attack occurring @ ____ ___ (>1 month apart)
all other possible ____ ruled out

A

2
2
different times
diagnoses

17
Q

what are the goals of treatment for MS (3)

A

delay progression of disease
manage chronic symps
treat acute exacerbations

18
Q

disease modifying drugs do what for MS (3)

A

decrease the frequency & severity of relapses
reduce the development of brain lesions
decrease future disability

19
Q

what are disease modifying drugs I

A

drugs that suppress the immune sys to modify disease progression & prevent relapses

20
Q

what do immunomodulator drugs do

A

modify disease progression & prevent relapses

21
Q

what are therapeutic uses for interferon beta (3)

A

reduces frequency & severity of attacks
reduces # & size lesions detectable w/ MRI
delays progression of disability

22
Q

what are the adverse effects of interferon beta (6)

A

flu-like reactions
hepatotoxicity
myelosupression
injection-site reactions
depression
suicidal thoughts

23
Q

how do pts admin interferon beta

A

dispensed as single-use syringes & vials

24
Q

what are the two immunosuppressants (disease-modifying drugs II)

A

mitoxantrone
cladribine

25
Q

what is the therapeutic use of mitoxantrone

A

decrease neuro disability & clinical relapses

26
Q

what are the adverse effects of mitoxantrone (9)

A

myelosupression - s/s of infection: fever, chills, cough
cardiotoxicity
fetal harm
reversible hair loss
injury to GI mucosa
n/v
amenorrhea
allergy symps
blue/green tint to urine & sclera

27
Q

are multiple drugs used to manage MS exacerbations

A

yes

28
Q

why are corticosteriods used for an MS pt (2)

A

helpful in treating acute exacerbations
reduce edema & acute inflammation

29
Q

multiple drugs are used to manage ms symps which symps are (10)

A

detrusor hyperreflexia
flaccid bladder
constipation
fecal incontinence
depression
fatigue
spasticity
neuropathic pain
improved walking
dizziness & vertigo

30
Q

nursing interventions for ms (7)

A

promote physical mobility
prevent injury
enhance bowel & bladder control
enhance communication
improve sensory & cognitive functions
teach about meds
edu family

IM 4 (62 decks)

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