SPEECH COM - LEC #1 PUBLIC SPEAKING (F) Flashcards
the art of persuading the audience
rhetoric
Oratory has something to do with?
Oration
Who coined the term rhetoric and oratory?
ancient philosophers
the primary means by which to conduct business, debate, public issues, make public
decisions, and gain and maintain power
Public Speaking
T or F. Public speaking is not just simply a sustained formal presentation by a speaker to an audience.
F
Who said this? “The audience is the end and object of the speech.”
Aristotle
Fundamental to effective public speaking then and now is?
Audience
Identify the rhetorical canons (MAIDS)
Memory
Arrangement
Invention
Delivery
Style
presentations are communication
tools that can be used as demonstrations.
Delivery
T or F. The rhetorical situations is the composite of you (and your knowledge and intentions) and the audience (and their knowledge and expectations) only.
F [+ and the occasion (setting, purpose, and constraints)]
the rhetorician who introduced the
concept of the rhetorical situation, believed that the particular speech given by an individual to an audience on a specific occasion is the result of some real or perceived need that the speech might help address.
Lloyd Bitzer
reason the speech needs to be given
exigence
the study of the intended audience
audience analysis
the process of tailoring your speech to the needs, interest, and expectations of your audience
audience adaptation
Audience analysis and adaptation are rooted in what communication scholars refer to as
uncertainty reduction theory
explains the processes we go through to get to know strangers
uncertainty reduction theory
broad area of knowledge, such as contemporary cinema, renewable energy, computer, etc
subject
a narrower aspect of a subject.
topic
uncritical, nonevaluative process of generating associated ideas.
brainstorm
a visual means of exploring connections between a subject and related ideas
concept map
because addressing the specific needs and expectations of your intended audience is integral to the rhetorical situation, you need to examine who they are by collecting both demographic and subject related data.
Analyze the audience
T or F. In analyzing the audience, this information will help you select and tailor your topic and goal to meet their needs, interests, and expectations
T
person’s approximate age, education level, sex, income, occupation, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, religion, geographic uniqueness, and first language.
demographic data
audience disposition data, including: their level of knowledge, initial level of interest in, and attitude toward the potential topics you are considering.
subject-related data
most direct way to collect audience data
survey
force respondents to choose between two answers (e.g., yes/no, for/against).
two-sided
give respondents several alternatives from which to choose
multiple choice
measure the direction of intensity of respondents’ feelings or attitudes toward something
scaled
If you are familiar with audience members, you can learn a lot through informal observation
Observe informally
when you are invited to speak to a group you are unfamiliar with, ask your contact person for demographic and subject-related audience data related to your topic.
question a representative
if you can’t get information in any other way, you can make _______ based on indirect data such as the general makeup of the people who live in a certain community, belong to a certain organization, or are likely to attend the speech event.
educated guesses
is the practice of ignoring values, needs, and interests of some audience members, leaving them to feel excluded.
Marginalizing
if you discovered that most of your audience members have played adult video games, you will want to avoid marginalizing the few members who have never done so. So you might show a brief demonstration of one during the introduction of your speech on violence in adult video games
Marginalizing
assuming all members of a group have similar knowledge, behaviors, or beliefs simply because they belong to that group.
stereotyping
the range of demographic and subject specific differences represented in an audience.
Audience Diversity
expected purpose and setting (location) for the speech
occasion
T or F. The space does not affect the speech.
F
overall intent of the speech
general goal
general goal is usually dictated by the?
occassion
the specific speech goal (or specific purpose) is a _____ statement that identifies the desired response a speaker wants from the audience.
single
must be carefully crafted because it lays the foundation for organizing you speech
specific goal statement
how many idea does a goal statement contain?
one central idea
