Chapter 15: Delivery (F) Flashcards
The level of fear a person experiences when anticipating or actually speaking to an audience
public speaking apprehension
T or F. Having some fear actually makes us better speakers
T
Symptoms of public speaking apprehension
stem from negative self-talk (e.g., “I’m going to blow it” or “I just know I’ll make a fool of myself”), which is also the most common cause of speech apprehension
cognitive symptoms
Symptoms of public speaking apprehension
may be stomach upset (or butter- flies), flushed skin, sweating, shaking, light-headedness, rapid or pounding heartbeats, stuttering, and vocalized pauses (“like,” “you know,” “ah,” “um,” and so on)
physical symptoms
Symptoms of public speaking apprehension
include feeling anxious, worried, or upset.
emotional symptoms
Other causes of public speaking apprehension:
has to do with being socialized to fear public speaking as a result of modeling and negative reinforcement
previous/past experience
3 other causes of public speaking apprehension
has to do with observing how your friends and family members react to speaking in public
other than negative self-talk
Modeling
T or F. If they tend to be quiet and reserved and avoid public speaking, your fears may stem from MODELING.
T
(We tend to model after our family members, if they’re quiet, u are too)
Other causes of public speaking apprehension:
concerns how others have responded to your public speaking endeavors
negative reinforcement
3 phases of public speaking apprehension:
What phase is the anxiety we experience before giving the speech, both while preparing it and waiting to speak
anticipation phase
3 phases of anxiety
What phase is the surge of anxiety we feel as we begin delivering the speech
confrontation phase
What phase is the period during which our anxiety level gradually decreases
adaptation phase
T or F. The level of anxiety decreases It typically begins about one minute into the presentation and tends to level off after about TEN minutes
F (five)
Management Techniques in public speaking
adopting a communication rather than performance orientation toward speeches
Communication Orientation Motivation (COM)
Management Techniques: 2 types of orientation
believing we must impress a hypercritical audience with our knowledge and delivery
performance orientation
Management Techniques: 2 types of orientation
focusing on talking with others about an important topic and getting the message across
to them
communication orientation
Management Techniques:
helps reduce anxiety by develop- ing a mental picture of ourselves giving a masterful speech
visualization
Management Techniques:
can help reduce anxiety by gradually visualizing and engaging in increasingly more frightening speaking events while remaining in a relaxed state.
systematic desensitization
T or F. The ultimate goal of SYSTEMATIC SENSITIZATION is to transfer the calm feelings we attain while visualizing to the actual speaking event.
F (desensitization)
Management Techniques:
helps reduce anxiety by replacing anxiety-arousing negative self-talk with anxiety-reducing positive self-talk through a four-step process.
cognitive restructuring
Management Techniques:
The systematic teaching of the skills associated with preparing and delivering an effective public speech
Public speaking skills training
Management Techniques: Public Skills Training
Is based on the assumption that some public speaking anxiety is caused by not knowing how to be successful
Skills training
How a message is communicated orally and visually through the use of voice and body
delivery
T or F. Effective public speech delivery style is both conversational and animated.
T
Presenting a speech so that your audience feels you are talking with them
effective delivery uses:
conversational style
The hallmark of a conversational style is?
Spontaneity
the ability to sound natural—as though you are really thinking about the ideas and about getting them across to your audience—no matter how many times you’ve practiced.
Spontaneity
sound you produce using your vocal organs
voice
key to intelligibility
appropriate volume
using the tongue, palate, teeth, jaws, and lips to shape vocalized sounds that combine to produce a word
articulation
e inflection, tone, and speech habits typical of native speakers of a language
Accent
can be a major concern for second language speakers or even speakers from various regions across the United States
accent
achieved by changing your pitch, volume, and rate, stressing certain words, and using pauses strategically
vocal expression
T or F.
Generally, speeding up your rate, lowering your pitch, or decreasing your volume can communicate resolution, peacefulness, remorse, disgust, or sadness.
F (slowing down)
voice in which the pitch, volume, and rate remain constant, with no word, idea, or sentence differing significantly in sound from any other.
monotone
moments of silence strategically used to enhance meaning, can also mark important ideas
pauses
T or F. Your attire can detract
from your speech.
F (shouldn’t)
how you hold your body.
posture
graceful and controlled use of the body.
poise
involves looking at people in all parts of the room
effective EYE contact
T or F. Generally, you should look at your audience at least 90 percent of the time, glancing at notes (even if they are on your PowerPoint or Prezi slides) only when you need a quick reference point. Maintaining eye contact is important for several reasons.
T
T or F. In the dominant Philippine culture, eye contact is perceived as a sign of sincerity.
F (American; we aint dominant)
when speaking to large audiences, create a sense of looking listeners in the eye even though you actually cannot
audience contact
arrangement of facial muscles to express emotions.
facial expressions
by communicating that you are personable and likable
nonverbal immediacy
movements of your hands, arms, and fingers
gestures
emphasize important points or ideas, refer to presentational aids, or clarify structure
Effective gestures
changing your body position
movement
movement with a specific purpose such as empha- sizing an important idea, referencing a presentational aid, or clarifying macrostructure
movement motivated
one that is delivered with only seconds or minutes of advance notice for preparation and is usually presented with very few if any notes. Because impromptu speakers must quickly gather their thoughts just before and while they speak, carefully organizing and developing ideas can be challenging.
impromptu speech
one that is prepared by creating a com- plete written manuscript and then delivered by reading from or memorizing a written copy.
scripted speech
a speech that is researched and planned ahead of time, although the exact wording is not scripted and will vary from presentation to presentation
extemporaneous speech
easiest to give effectively.
extemporaneous speech
the iterative process of practicing your speech aloud
rehearsing
a key word outline of your speech
speaking notes
