Listening (M) MT-Q Flashcards
This is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process
Listening
This refers to:
- complex, affective, cognitive, and behavioral processes
- interpretation and analysis of a message
Listening
This refers to:
- a physiological process
- the starting point of the listening process
Hearing
This is a requirement for listening
Hearing
This is the partner of listening
Speaking
T or F: Listening is easy to develop among the 4 language skill (reading, writing, speaking, and listening)
False (difficult)
Kinds of processes:
- are those that motivate us to attend to a message
Affective
Kinds of processes:
- includes understanding and interpreting its meaning
Cognitive
Kinds of processes:
- are those related to responding with verbal and nonverbal feedback
Behavioral
T or F: It is very important to generate a feedback, specifically a verbal one only
False (both verbal and non-verbal should be provided)
T or F: Listening is still the most widely used daily communication activity, despite of the use of technology
True
Listening for Various Reasons:
Refers to listening for enjoyment (e.g. listening to music for enjoyment and to speakers because we like their style)
Appreciative Listening
Listening for Various Reasons:
Refers to when we listen to infer what more a speaker might mean beyond the actual words being spoken (e.g. when a doctor is explaining test results, we might also try to discern whether the results are routine or cause for concern)
Discriminative Listening
Listening for Various Reasons:
Refers to listening with the goal of recalling information (e.g. material a professor shares during a lecture)
Comprehensive Listening
Listening for Various Reasons:
When we want to really
understand and critically evaluate the worth of a message
Critical Listening
Rank the “Reasons for Listening” from least to most complex
(Remember Casidy)
- Critical
- Appreciative
- Comprehensive
- Discriminative
This refers to the anxiety we feel about listening
Listening Apprehension
Refers to our favored and usually unconscious approach to listening
Listening Style
T or F: We don’t change our listening style based on the situation and our goals for the interaction
False (we change)
Types of Listeners:
- They focus on and evaluate the facts and evidence
- Appreciate details and enjoy processing complex messages
- They are likely to ask questions to get even more information
- Likely to understand and remember details, but may miss the overall point of the message and be unaware of the speaker’s feelings
Content-oriented listeners
Types of Listeners:
- They focus on the feelings their conversational partners may have
- Tend to notice whether their partners are pleased or upset
- Encourage their partner to use nonverbal cues like head nods, eye contact, and smiles
- Likely to understand how the speaker feels, empathize, and offer comfort and support
- Might become so focused on the speaker’s feelings that they miss important details or fail to evaluate the facts offered as evidence
People-oriented listeners
Types of Listeners:
- They focus on the ultimate point the speaker is trying to make
- Tend to get frustrated when ideas are
disorganized and when people ramble
- Often anticipate what the speaker is going to say and may even finish the speaker’s sentence for them
- May notice inconsistencies but because they tend to anticipate what will be said rather than hearing the speaker out, may miss important details.
Action-oriented listeners
Types of Listeners:
- They prefer brief and hurried conversations
- Often use nonverbal and verbal cues to signal that their partner needs to
be more concise
- May tell others exactly how much time they have to listen, interrupts when feeling time pressures, regularly checks the time on smart phones, watches, or clocks, and may even nod their heads rapidly to encourage others to pick up the pace
- Prone to only partially listen to messages while also thinking about their time constraints
- Might miss important details and be insensitive to their partner’s emotional needs
Time-oriented listeners
This may also be influenced by cultural and co-cultural identities
Preferred Listening Style
These people are more likely to describe themselves as person-oriented
Women for feminine co-culture
These people are more likely to be time-oriented
Men for masculine co-culture
These people are more likely to have a people-oriented listening style
People in collectivist cultures
These people are more likely to have an action- oriented listening style
People in individualistic cultures
These people tend to favor a person-oriented listening style
People of high-context cultures
These people tend to prefer an action-oriented style
People of low-context cultures
This refers to the processing of information
Processing Approach
This is the habitual and unconscious process of receiving messages:
- we are on auto-pilot
- may attend only to certain parts of a message and assume the rest
- when we aren’t interested or when we multitask
Passive Listening
This refers to the deliberate and conscious process of:
- attending to
- understanding
- remembering
- evaluating
- responding to messages
Active Listening
This is a process of intentionally perceiving and focusing on a message
Attending
This is the rate at which people typically speak
120-150 words per minute
This is the rate of what our brains can process
400-800 words per minute
Attending Checklist:
Good listeners create a physical environment that reduces potential distractions and adopt a listening posture
Get physically ready to listen
Attending Checklist:
Work consciously to block out wandering thoughts that might come from a visual, auditory, or a physical distraction
Resist mental distractions
Attending Checklist:
We tend stop listening because:
- we disagree with something the speaker says
- we assume we know what they are going to say
- we become offended by an example or word used
Hear the person out
Refers to accurately interpreting a message
Understanding
Understanding Checklist:
As you listen, ask yourself, “what does the speaker want me to understand?” and consider the pragmatic meaning couched within it
Identify the main point
Understanding Checklist:
Is a statement designed to clarify information or get additional details
Ask questions
Understanding Checklist:
Refers to putting a message into your own words
Paraphrasing
This type of paraphrasing focuses on the denotative meaning of the message
Content Paraphrase
This type of paraphrasing focuses on the emotions attached to the message
Feelings Paraphrase
T or F: Paraphrasing is compressing the words using the original text
False (that’s summarizing; paraphrasing is using your own words)
Understanding Checklist:
Intellectually identifying with the feelings or attitudes of another
Empathize
3 Approaches to Empathy:
Occurs when you experience an emotional response parallel to another person’s actual or anticipated display of emotion
Empathic Responsiveness
3 Approaches to Empathy:
Occurs when we use everything we know about the sender and his or her circumstances to understand their feelings
Perspective Taking
3 Approaches to Empathy:
Rather than attempting to experience the feelings of the others, we translate our intellectual understanding of what the speaker had experienced into feelings of concern, compassion, or sorrow for that person
Sympathetic Responsiveness
To further increase the accuracy of reading emotions, you can also use _______ which is especially helpful for people with different cultures than you
Perception Checking
Refers to being able to retain and recall information later
Remembering
Remembering Checklist:
Repetition is saying something aloud or mentally rehearsing it two, three, or more times, which helps store information in long-term memory
Repeat the information
Remembering Checklist:
This device associates a special word or very short statement with new and longer information
Creating Mnemonics
Remembering Checklist:
A powerful tool for increasing recall during lectures, business meetings, and briefing sessions
Take Notes
T or F: Note taking is appropriate when you engage in casual interpersonal encounters
False (inappropriate)
This is the process of critically analyzing a message to determine its truthfulness, utility, and trustworthiness
Evaluating
Evaluating Checklist:
Facts are statements whose accuracy can be verified as true while inferences are assertions based on the facts presented
Separate facts from inferences
T or F: An inference may be false, even if they are based in verifiable facts
True
Evaluating Checklist:
Sometimes we need to encounter the speaker to delve deeper in the topic in order to truly evaluate the message critically
Probe for information
This refers to providing feedback
Responding
These are the signals we use to illustrate that we are attending to and understanding the message
Nonverbal Feedback Cues
Listening Response Strategies:
Sometimes the appropriate response is to reason, encourage, soothe, console, or cheer up
Emotional support response strategies
These types of responses create an environment that encourages the person to talk about and make sense of a distressing situation
Supportive Responses
T or F: Supporting doesn’t mean making false statements or telling someone only what he/she wants to hear
True
Listening Response Strategies:
This is when we simply cannot agree with what the speaker says, our messages will be the most effective if they clearly demonstrate respect
Constructive criticism response strategies
This refers to giving positive feedback then saying negative feedback right after
Cake Approach
Listening Response Strategies:
Are the goals when providing a formal constructive speech critique, they are to be respectful, honest, and helpful
Formal constructive speech critique strategies
This is done during formal debates or formal argumentations
Formal constructive speech critique
