Interpersonal Communication (M) MT-Q Flashcards
The overall emotional tone of the relationship—through the messages we exchange (Cissna, 2011)
Communication Climate
Who provided the definition of Communication Climate?
Cissna, 2011
Is one where partners feel valued and supported
Positive communication climate
We use this to convey that we care about our partner
Confirming communication messages
This signals a lack of regard for our partner
Disconfirming communication messages
What are the 4 steps on how to create confirming messages?
- Respond to partner who is experiencing emotional distress
- Share or keep private some of our personal information
- Express a personal desire or expectations
- Resolve conflict
Is helping others feel better about themselves, their behavior, or their situation by creating a safe space to express their thoughts and feelings
Comforting
What are the 5 Comforting Guidelines?
- Clarify supportive intentions
- Buffer potential threats
- Use other-centered messages
- Reframe the situation
- Give advice
Is the perception we want others to have of our worth (Ting-Toomey & Chung, 2012)
Face
Who provided the definition of face?
Ting-Toomey & Chung, 2012
Are the desires we have to be appreciated, liked, and valued
Positive face needs
Are the desires we have to be independent and self-sufficient
Negative face needs
Encourage partners to talk about and elaborate on what happened and how they feel about it
Other-centered messages
Offering messages that help a partner understand a situation in a different light
Reframe the situation
Presenting relevant suggestions for resolving a problem or situation
Giving advice
Describes the decision-making process we go through as we choose whether or not to disclose confidential information about ourselves (self-disclosure) or about others (other-disclosure)
Communication privacy management theory
Revealing confidential information about yourself or others
Disclosure
What are the 3 Effects of Disclosure and Privacy on Relationships?
- Intimacy
- Reciprocity
- Information Co-ownership
Effects of Disclosure and Privacy on Relationships
Because disclosure is the mechanism for increasing intimacy, you might think people move in a clear-cut way toward deeper disclosure as relationships develop.
Intimacy
Effects of Disclosure and Privacy on Relationships
Whether your disclosure is matched by similar disclosure from your partner also can affect your relationship
Reciprocity
Effects of Disclosure and Privacy on Relationships
A third way disclosure and privacy can affect relationships has to do with how partners treat the private information they know about one another
Information Co-ownership
Effects of Disclosure and Privacy on Relationships
When we disclosure private information, the person with whom we share it becomes a co-owner of it
Information Co-ownership
What are the 4 Disclosure Guidelines?
- Self-disclose the kind of information you want others to disclose to you
- Self-disclose private information when doing so represents an acceptable risk
- Move gradually to deeper levels of self-disclosure
- Continue self-disclosing only if it is reciprocated
Naming the emotion you are feeling without judging them
Describing feelings
What are the 3 Guidelines for Describing Feelings?
- Identify what triggered the feeling
- Identify the specific emotion you feel as a result
- Frame your response as an “I” statement
Help neutralize the impact of an emotional description because they do not imply blame
“I” statement
What are the 3 guidelines for Providing Personal Feedback?
- Describe the specific behavior
- Praise positive behavior
- Give constructive criticism
Recounting specific behaviors of another without commenting on their appropriateness
Describing behavior
Describing the specific positive behaviors or accomplishments and the effect of them on others
Praise KINK EMI PRAISE LANG
Does not condemn but instead is based on empathy and sincere desire to help someone understand the impact of his/her behavior
Constructive criticism
Describing specific behaviors that hurt the person or that person’s relationships with others
Constructive criticism
What are the 2 Privacy Management Guidelines?
- Indirect Strategies
- Direct Strategies
Maintain privacy by changing the subject, masking your feelings, or practicing strategic ambiguity
Indirect strategies
Changing the subject, Masking your feelings, or Practicing strategic ambiguity can damage a relationship if used repeatedly, so instead we can use?
Direct Strategy
A direct approach for responding to people who expect you to disclose something you would rather keep private
Establishing a personal boundary
What are the 4 communication styles?
- Passive communication style
- Aggressive communication style
- Passive-aggressive communication style
- Assertive communication style
Is submitting to another’s demands while concealing one’s own desires and expectations
Passive communication style
Is attacking another person’s self-concept and/or expressing personal hostility in order to inflict psychological pain
Aggressive communication style
These messages disregard a partner’s right to be treated with dignity and respect
Verbally aggressive messages
Is expressing hostility indirectly
Passive-aggressive communication style
Expressing personal desires and expectations while respecting those of others
Assertive communication style
Uses messages that describe personal needs, rights, desires, and expectations honestly and directly in ways that also demonstrate respect and value for you, your partner, and the relationship
Assertive communication style
T or F
Assertiveness is typically valued in individualistic cultures, such as in the United States
T
Is an expressed struggle between two interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from the other in achieving their goals (Wimot & Hocker, 2010)
Interpersonal conflict
Both people must be aware of the disagreement
Expressed struggle
Achieving a satisfactory outcome for each person depends on the actions of the other
Interdependent
Both people believe they have something to lose if the other person gets their way
Perceived incompatible goals
Assumes there isn’t enough of something to go around
Perceived scarce resources
Is the belief that the other person is forcing us to do or not to do something
Perceived interference
Styles in Managing Conflict
Involves physically or psychologically removing yourself from the conflict
Avoiding
Styles in Managing Conflict
Characterized as a lose-to-lose approach
Avoiding
Styles in Managing Conflict
Is satisfying the needs or accepting the opinions of our partner while neglecting our own needs or opinions
Accomodating
Styles in Managing Conflict
Characterized as a lose-to-win approach
Accomodating
Styles in Managing Conflict
Is satisfying our own needs or desires with little or no concern for the needs or desires of our partner or the relationship
Competing
Styles in Managing Conflict
Characterized as a win-to-lose approach
Competing
Styles in Managing Conflict
Occurs when each partner gives up part of what they desire to satisfy part of what their partner wants
Compromising
Styles in Managing Conflict
Characterized as Partial lose-to-lose approach
Compromising
Is when people work through the problem together to discover a mutually acceptable solution
Collaborating
Styles in Managing Conflict
Characterized as a Win-to-Win approach
Collaborating
If you see this card, read the collaboration guidelines on pages 159-160
gawin mo na plth
What are the 5 Styles in Managing Conflict?
- Avoiding
- Accommodating
- Competing
- Compromising
- Collaborating