Specialised cells Flashcards
How are erythrocytes specialised?
a large SA: V, with their biconcave shape.
They lack a nucleus, so more haemoglobin can be stored
What are erythrocytes?
red blood cell
How are Neutrophils specialised?
have a multilobed nucleus allowing them to move and engulf material more easily
what are Neutrophils?
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell
How are Sperm cells specialised?
- have a tail to allow movement.
- There is a high density of mitochondria to provide ATP to the tail.
- have a streamline shape 4. specialised lysosome (acrosome) that contains digestive enzymes to enter an egg cell
How are Squamous epithelial cells specialised?
are thin and flat to reduce the diffusion distance for gas exchange.
What are Squamous epithelial cells?
found lining surfaces that require a smooth flow of fluid, such as your blood vessels
How are Ciliated epithelial cells specialised?
found in the trachea have cilia to move mucus along the trachea
How are palisade cells specialised?
contain lots of chloroplasts, are long and cylindrical allowing close packing. The chloroplast can be moved by the cytoskeleton to maximise light absorption
What are Palisade cells?
Palisade cells are plant cells located on the leaves, right below the epidermis
How do guard cells work?
ATP is used to pump K+ ions into the cell, making water move in by osmosis in order to open the stomata for gas exchange
What do guard cells do?
control the opening and closing of the stomata
How are root hair cells specialised?
have a protrusion to increase their surface area for water absorption. They also have protein pumps and lots of mitochondria to transport minerals into the cell in order to lower the cells water potential
