Mass Transport in Animals

Question 1

How do red blood cells transport oxygen? formula

Answer 1

using the protein hemoglobin
Oxygen + hemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin
forward reaction is association
backwards reaction is dissociation

Question 2

Hemoglobin structure

Answer 2

made up of four polypeptide chains, each containing a prosthetic haem group
each haem group binds to one oxygen molecule

Question 3

Haemoglobin saturation depends on ..

Answer 3

the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2)
weather there the first O2 molecule (as this causes a conformational change in the haemoglobin, making the haem groups more accessible to oxygen.)

Question 4

Fetal haemoglobin VS adult haemoglobin

Answer 4

Fetal haemoglobin has a higher oxygen affinity than adult haemoglobin because fetal
haemoglobin must be able to bind oxygen from adult haemoglobin in the placenta.

Question 5

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood for
release from the lungs, where does it go?
3 places

Answer 5

1. 5% of the carbon dioxide transported is
   dissolved in the blood plasma
2. 10% of the carbon dioxide transported is combined with haemoglobin to form
   carbaminohaemoglobin
3. 85% is transported as
   hydrogencarbonate ions (HCCO3-) dissolved in blood plasma

Question 6

What is the Bohr affect?

Answer 6

haemoglobin’s oxygen
binding affi nity is inversely related to the
concentration of carbon dioxide, causing
the oxygen dissociation curve to shift

Question 7

Features of a good transport system

Answer 7

1. A fluid medium to transport substances
2. A pump to create pressure for the
   circulation of the transport fluid
3. Exchange surfaces

Question 8

What is an open circulatory system?

Answer 8

the blood is not held in vessels e.g. in insects.

Question 9

What is a close circulatory system?

Answer 9

the blood is contained within vessels.

Question 10

What is a single circulatory system?

Answer 10

the blood flows through the heart once for each circuit of the body

Question 11

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 11

blood within double circulatory systems

flows through the heart twice for each circuit of the body

Question 12

Role of Arteries & Arterioles?

Answer 12

transports blood away from the heart

+ diagram

Question 13

Role of capillaries

Answer 13

area of metabolic
substance exchange
+ diagram

Question 14

formation of tissue fluid

Answer 14

In an arteriole Hydrostatic pressure> oncotic pressure, so fluid moves out
In the venule Hydrostatic pressure< oncotic pressure, so fluid moves in

Question 15

Excess tissue fluid

Answer 15

p