Genetic Information Flashcards
DNA in prokaryotic cells
DNA molecules are short, circular and not associated with proteins.
DNA in eukaryotic cells
1.the nucleus contains very long, linear DNA molecules associated with proteins, called histones.
2.Together a histone and DNA molecule form a chromosome.
3.mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells also contain DNA which, [like the DNA of prokaryotes], is short,
circular and not associated with protein.
What is the genome?
the full set of DNA found in an organism
What is the proteasome?
the full range of proteins that can be synthesised from the genome.
What is a gene?
a section of DNA that code for polypeptides and
functional RNA and are located at a fixed locus on a DNA molecule
What is a codon?
A sequence of three DNA bases
What do codons do?
codes for a specific amino acid
The genetic code is …
universal, non-overlapping and degenerate.
What does eukaryotic nuclear DNA code for?
sections of the nuclear DNA do not code for polypeptides (introns) but instead code for Exons (are sections of DNA that code for amino acid sequences)
