Genetic Information Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA in prokaryotic cells

A

DNA molecules are short, circular and not associated with proteins.

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2
Q

DNA in eukaryotic cells

A

1.the nucleus contains very long, linear DNA molecules associated with proteins, called histones.
2.Together a histone and DNA molecule form a chromosome.
3.mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells also contain DNA which, [like the DNA of prokaryotes], is short,
circular and not associated with protein.

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3
Q

What is the genome?

A

the full set of DNA found in an organism

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4
Q

What is the proteasome?

A

the full range of proteins that can be synthesised from the genome.

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5
Q

What is a gene?

A

a section of DNA that code for polypeptides and

functional RNA and are located at a fixed locus on a DNA molecule

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6
Q

What is a codon?

A

A sequence of three DNA bases

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7
Q

What do codons do?

A

codes for a specific amino acid

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8
Q

The genetic code is …

A

universal, non-overlapping and degenerate.

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9
Q

What does eukaryotic nuclear DNA code for?

A

sections of the nuclear DNA do not code for polypeptides (introns) but instead code for Exons (are sections of DNA that code for amino acid sequences)

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