Conservation

Question 1

What is conservation?

Answer 1

the maintenance of biodiversity, including diversity between species, genetic diversity within species and maintenance of a variety of habitats and ecosystems

Question 2

What is preservation?

Answer 2

the maintenance of habitats and ecosystems in their present condition, minimising human impact

Question 3

Principle of maintaining sustainability

Answer 3

the balance between conversation and human needs is necessary in order to maintain the sustainability of natural resources.

Question 4

Timber can be managed by…

Answer 4

Coppicing
Pollarding
Rotational coppicing

Question 5

What is Coppicing?

Answer 5

cutting tree stems close to the ground

Question 6

What is Pollarding?

Answer 6

cutting the stem higher from the ground to prevent animals eating the shoots

Question 7

What is Rotational coppicing?

Answer 7

coppicing different areas each time, to allow time for growth

Question 8

Fish stocks can be managed by…

Answer 8

Preventing overfishing

Aquacultures

Question 9

What is in-situ conservation?

Answer 9

species are conserved within (inside) their natural habitat, maintaining biodiversity. This includes
creating legislations, wildlife reserves and repopulating areas via reintroduction.

Question 10

Advantages of in-situ conservation…

Answer 10

1. Conserves species without removing them from their habitat
2. Ecosystem integrity is also maintained as the species are able to play a vital role in the functioning of the ecosystem
3. Cheaper than ex-situ
   conservation
4. Protects the biodiversity and the crucial elements of the ecosystem

Question 11

Disadvantages of in-situ conservation…

Answer 11

1. The habitat may be too
fragmented to ensure a
sustainable population
2. Too much genetic diversity may have already been lost to allow the species to adapt to change
in their natural environment
3. Wildlife reserves maybe
damaged by ecotourism
4. The conditions that caused the area to have a loss of species may still be present

Question 12

What is ex-situ conservation?

Answer 12

species are conserved outside their natural habitat, maintaining biodiversity. This can occur in zoos, botanic gardens and seed banks

Question 13

Advantages of ex-situ conservation…

Answer 13

1. Protects organisms from
predation and poaching
2. Help attract funding and
awareness 
3. Techniques such as artificial insemination are used to maximise reproductive success
and genetic diversity

Question 14

Disadvantages of ex-situ conservation…

Answer 14

1. Limited genetic diversity
2. It may be difficult to provide a suitable environment
3. Many animals may also be unable to be re-introduced into
   the wild as they will not have
   learnt the necessary behaviour