Special Senses part 2 Flashcards
The ear houses two senses which are
Hearing
Equilibrium
equilibrium means
balance
The Receptors of the ear are called
mechanoreceptors
The ear is divided into three areas
Outer (external) ear
Middle ear
Inner ear
It Involved in hearing only and is where the Pinna and external auditory canal is located
External Ear
2 Structures of the external ear
are
Pinna (auricle)
External auditory canal
A Narrow chamber in the temporal bone that is Lined with skin.
External Auditory Canal
Ceruminous glands are also called
wax glands
The external auditory canal has ____________ _____ that are present
Ceruminous glands
The external Auditory canal Ends at the
Tympanic membrane
The Middle Ear is also known as the
Tympanic cavity
An Air-filled cavity within the temporal bone that is also Only involved in the sense of hearing
Middle ear/Tympanic Cavity
The opening from the ________ _____ is covered by the tympanic membrane
auditory canal
It connects the middle ear with the throat
Auditory tube
Allows for equalizing pressure during yawning or swallowing or this tube is otherwise collapsed.
Eustachian tubes
Three bones span the tympanic cavity are
Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrip)
Vibrations from eardrum move the
Malleus
These bones transfer sound to the ______ ____
inner ear
Inner Ear is also known as the
Bony Labyrinth
It includes sense organs for hearing and balance
Inner ear or Bony Labyrinth
The inner ear is Filled with
perilymph
A maze of bony chambers within the temporal bone of the inner ear are
Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
A maze of bony chambers in the inner ear are within the
Temporal bone
It is Located within the cochlea which is a Gel-like tectorial membrane is capable of bending hair cells
Organ of Corti
The hair cells on the basilar membrane =
mechanoreceptors
They are attached to hair cells which transmits nerve impulses to auditory cortex on temporal lobe
Cochlear nerve
This is where vibrations from sound waves move
Tectorial Membrane
They are bent by the tectorial membrane
Hair cells
An action potential starts in the
Cochlear nerve
the Receptor cells for the equilibrium are in two structures
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
Equilibrium has two functional parts
Static equilibrium
Dynamic equilibrium
The receptors in the vestibule. They Report on the position of the head
Maculae
The Maculae Send information via the
vestibular nerve
In the Anatomy of the maculae,
Hair cells are embedded in the
otolithic membrane
They float in a gel around the hair cells. They also look like tiny stones
Otoliths (tiny stones)
Movements cause otoliths to bend the
hair cells
receptors in the semicircular canals which consists of the tuft of hair cells and cupula
Crista ampullaris
A gelatinous cap that covers the hair cells
Cupula
Action of angular head movements
Dynamic Equilibrium
It stimulates the hair cells when there are angular head movements happening
Cupula
In dynamic equilibrium, An impulse is sent via the vestibular nerve to the
Cerebellum
The Chemical Senses are
Taste and smell
both Chemical Senses use
chemoreceptors
These receptors are Stimulated by chemicals in solution
Chemoreceptors
Taste has __ types of receptors
four
The Sense of Smell
Olfaction
These receptors are in the roof of the nasal cavity
Olfactory receptors
In the sense of smell, this is use to dissolve chemicals for detection
mucus
The olfactory receptors have neurons with long
cilia
Impulses felt by the olfactory receptors are transmitted via the
Olfactory nerve
Interpretation of smells is made in the
Cortex
It house the receptor organs of the tongue
Taste buds
Location of taste buds are in
Most are on the tongue
Soft palate
Cheeks
The tongue is covered with projections called
papillae
They are sharp with no taste buds
Filiform papillae
They are rounded with taste buds
Fungifiorm papillae
They are large papillae with taste buds
Circumvallate papillae
Taste buds are found on the
Sides of Papillae
The receptors of the taste buds are also known as
Gustatory cells
The gustatory cells have long microvilli called
gustatory hair
Gustatory Hairs are stimulated by chemicals dissolved in
saliva
several cranial nerves that carries impulses to the gustatory complex
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
The Impulses of the taste buds are carried to the
Gustatory complex
The 4 Taste Sensations are
Sweet receptors
Sour receptors
Bitter receptors
Salty receptors
Sweet receptors senses
Sugars
Saccharine
Some amino acids
Sour receptors senses
Acids
Bitter receptors senses
Alkaloids
Salty receptors senses
Metal ions
the Special Senses are developed in early
embryonic development
Organ that are outgrowths of the brain
eyes
All special senses are functional at
birth
Swallowing or yawning opens this tube and allows air to flow into or out of the middle ear. This helps equalize pressure on either side of the ear drum
eustachian tube
the smallest bone in the body. It convey sound vibrations to the bone’s flat base.
Stapes
transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes
Incus
Contain fibers from the lateral side of the eye on the same side and the medial side of the opposite eye
Optic tracts
Location where the optic nerves cross o Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain
Optic chiasma
fluid contained within the bony labyrinth, surrounding and protecting the membranous labyrinth
Perilymph
a physiological fluid that fills the inner ear’s labyrinth and serves crucial sensory functions.
Endolymph
The receptors og the organ of corti are hair cells on the _______________ ____________
Basilar membrane
