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Anatomy Lec > Cardiovascular system Part 1 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A closed system of the heart and blood vessels. It deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

A

Cardiovascular System

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2
Q

pumps blood

A

heart

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3
Q

allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body

A

Blood vessels

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4
Q

The Heart’s location is in the Thorax between the lungs in the inferior ______________

A

mediastinum

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5
Q

The Heart’s location is in the _______ between the ______ in the inferior mediastinum

A

Thorax, lungs

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6
Q

The Heart About the size of your

A

fist

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7
Q

The Heart Orientation is Pointed
_____ directed toward left ____

A

apex , hip

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8
Q

The Heart Base points toward

A

right shoulder

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9
Q

a double-walled sac

A

Pericardium

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10
Q

loose and superficial double-walled sac

A

Fibrous pericardium

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11
Q

deep to the fibrous pericardium and composed of two layers

A

Serous membrane

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12
Q

Next to heart; also known as the epicardium

A

Visceral pericardium

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13
Q

Outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium

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14
Q

Visceral pericardium is also known as

A

epicardium

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15
Q

fills the space between the layers of pericardium

A

Serous fluid

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16
Q

Heart Wall has Three layers

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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17
Q

The heart’s Outside layer wall.
This layer is the visceral pericardium

A

Epicardium

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18
Q

Epicardium is a ___________ tissue layer

A

Connective tissue layer

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19
Q

The Heart’s wall Middle layer which is
Mostly cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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20
Q

The Inner layer of the Heart’s wall. It is where Endothelium is

A

Endocardium

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21
Q

Right and left side of the heart act as

A

separate pumps

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22
Q

There are 4 chambers which are

A

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

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23
Q

Receiving chambers of the heart

A

Atria

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24
Q

Discharging chambers of the heart

A

Ventricles

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25
Q

the free wall of this ventricle is much thicker

A

Left ventricle

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26
Q

Separates the two ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

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27
Q

Separates the two atria

A

Interatrial septum

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28
Q

Allow blood to flow in only one direction to prevent backflow

A

Valves

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29
Q

There are Four valves of the heart which are

A

Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve

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30
Q

valves of the heart between atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

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31
Q

2 Atrioventricular (AV) valves are

A

Bicuspid (mitral) valve (left side of heart)
Tricuspid valve (right side of heart)

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32
Q

heart valves between ventricle and artery

A

Semilunar valves

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33
Q

2 Semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve

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34
Q

Anchored in place by chordae tendineae (“heart strings”). These valves Open during heart relaxation and closed during ventricular contraction

A

AV valves

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35
Q

AV valves are Anchored in place by “heart strings” or the

A

chordae tendineae

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36
Q

These valves are Closed during heart relaxation but open during ventricular contraction

A

Semilunar valves

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37
Q

True/ False
these valves operate opposite of one another to force a one-way path of blood through the heart

A

True

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38
Q

Blood returning to the atria, puts
pressure against these valves which are forced open

A

The AV valves

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39
Q

As the ___________ fill, AV valve flaps hang limply into ventricles

A

ventricles

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40
Q

This part of the heart contracts ,forcing additional blood into ventricles

A

Atria

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41
Q

This part of the heart contract,
forcing blood against AV valve flaps

A

Ventricles

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42
Q

Ventricles contract, forcing blood
against AV valve flaps which closes the

A

AV valves

43
Q

This part of the heart tighten, preventing valve flaps from
everting into atria

A

Chordae tendineae

44
Q

As ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises,
blood is pushed up against
these valves, forcing them open

A

semilunar valves

45
Q

As ventricles relax, and intraventricular pressure falls, blood flows back from arteries, filling the leaflets of semilunar valves and
forcing them to

A

close

46
Q

Blood flows from the left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart

A

Systemic circulation

47
Q

Blood flows from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

A

Pulmonary circulation

48
Q

In pulmonary Circuit, This is where gas exchange occurs of every body tissue

A

Capillary beds of lungs

49
Q

In systemic Circuit, This is where gas exchange occurs

A

All body tissues of capillary beds

50
Q

Part of the blood where blood Leaves left ventricle

A

Aorta

51
Q

Part of the blood where blood Leaves right ventricle

A

Pulmonary arteries

52
Q

the 2 arteries are

A

Aorta
Pulmonary arteries

53
Q

two Veins are

A

Superior and inferior venae cavae
Pulmonary veins (four)

54
Q

This vein is where blood Enters the right atrium

A

Superior and inferior venae cavae

55
Q

This vein is where blood Enters the left atrium

A

Pulmonary veins (four)

56
Q

dump blood into the right atrium

A

Superior and inferior venae cavae

57
Q

From right atrium, through the __________ ______, blood travels to the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

58
Q

From the right ventricle, blood leaves the heart as it passes through the ____________ __________ _______ into the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

59
Q

__________ ______ splits into right and left pulmonary arteries that carry blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary trunk

60
Q

_______ is picked up and ______ ________ is dropped off by blood in the lungs

A

Oxygen, CO2

61
Q

Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart through the four

A

pulmonary veins

62
Q

Blood enters the left atrium and travels through the __________ _____ into the left ventricle

A

bicuspid valve

63
Q

From the left ventricle, blood leaves the heart via the ______ ___________ ____ & _______

A

aortic semilunar valve and aorta

64
Q

Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium

A

Coronary Circulation

65
Q

The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system consisting of

A

Coronary arteries
Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus

66
Q

branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

A

Coronary arteries

67
Q

drain the myocardium of blood

A

Cardiac veins

68
Q

a large vein on the posterior of the heart, receives blood from cardiac veins

A

Coronary sinus

69
Q

Blood empties into the right atrium via the

A

coronary sinus

70
Q

Heart muscle cells contract, without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way

A

Intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)

71
Q

Intrinsic conduction system is also known as

A

(nodal system)

72
Q

Special tissue sets the pace in the heart’s Conduction system

A

Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle interventricular septum
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers

73
Q

A Special tissue sets the pace that’s is in the right atrium

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

74
Q

Sinoatrial node is also knwona s

A

pacemaker

75
Q

A Special tissue sets the pace that’s is at the junction of the atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular node = AV node

76
Q

A Special tissue sets the pace that’s in the interventricular septum

A

Bundle branches

77
Q

A Special tissue sets the pace that’s in the interventricular septum

A

Atrioventricular bundle = AV bundle

78
Q

A Special tissue sets the pace that spread within the ventricle wall muscles

A

Purkinje fibers

79
Q

Contraction in the heart is initiated by the

A

sinoatrial node (SA node)

80
Q

occurs at other autorhythmic cells

A

Sequential stimulation

81
Q

Force cardiac muscle depolarization in one direction—from atria to ventricles

A

Heart Contractions

82
Q

Once SA node starts the heartbeat
Impulse spreads to the ___ _______, Then the _______ contract

A

AV node , atria

83
Q

At the AV node, the impulse passes through the

A

AV bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

84
Q

is ejected from the ventricles to the aorta and pulmonary trunk as the ventricles contract

A

Blood

85
Q

rapid heart rate over 100 beats per minute

A

Tachycardia

86
Q

slow heart rate less than 60 beats per minutes

A

Bradycardia

87
Q

2 types of Tachycardia

A

Physiologic Tachycardia
Pathologic Tachycardia

88
Q

It is when the heart relaxes, the chambers of the heart fill with blood, and a person’s blood pressure decreases

A

Diastole

89
Q

represents ventricular filling

A

Diastole

90
Q

period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart that occurs between the first and second heart sounds of the cardiac cycle.

A

Systole

91
Q

represents ventricular contraction/ejection

A

Systole

92
Q

Atria relax, then ventricles

A

Contract

93
Q

Mid-to-late diastole is also known as

A

(ventricular filling)

94
Q

Mid-to-late diastole causes

A

Ventricular filling
Atrial contraction

95
Q

Ventricular systole is also known as

A

atria in diastole

96
Q

Ventricular systole causes

A

Isovolumetric contraction phase
Ventricular ejection phase

97
Q

Early diastole involves

A

Isovolumetric relaxation

98
Q

Cardiac Cycle has three steps which are

A

Mid-to-late diastole
Ventricular systole
Early diastole

99
Q

events of one complete heart beat

A

Cardiac cycle

100
Q

blood flows from atria into ventricles

A

Mid-to-late diastole

101
Q

blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood

A

Ventricular systole

102
Q

atria finish refilling, ventricular pressure is low

A

Early diastole

103
Q

The heart wall of the left ventricle is

A

LArger

Anatomy Lec (18 decks)

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