Nervous system part 2 Flashcards
rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli
Reflex
direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector
Reflex arc
Types of Reflexes and Regulation
Autonomic reflexes
Somatic reflexes
Examples of these reflexes are
Smooth muscle regulation
Heart and blood pressure regulation
Regulation of glands
Digestive system regulation
Autonomic reflexes
Example of these reflexes are the Activation of skeletal muscles
Somatic reflexes
CNS develops from the
embryonic neural tube
It becomes the brain and spinal cord
neural tube
The opening of the neural tube becomes the
ventricles
There are ____ chambers within the brain
4
There are ____ lobes within the brain
4
It is Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
neural tube
Regions of the Brain
Cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum
It includes the Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain. It also Include more than half of the brain mass.
Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum)
The surface is made of ridges
gyri
The surface is made of grooves
sulci
The (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes
Fissures
Surface lobes of the cerebrum/ parts of the cerebral hemisphere
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum
Somatic sensory area
Primary motor area
Broca’s area
A Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum where it RECEIVES impulses from the body’s sensory receptors
Somatic sensory area
A Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum where it SENDS impulses to skeletal muscles
Primary motor area
A Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum where it involved in our ability to speak
Broca’s area
Cerebral areas involved in special senses
Gustatory area (taste)
Visual area
Auditory area
Olfactory area
Interpretation areas of the cerebrum
Speech/language region
Language comprehension region
General interpretation area
Layers of the Cerebrum
Gray matter
White matter
Basal nuclei
internal islands of gray matter
Basal nuclei
The Outer layer of the cerebrum which composed mostly of neuron cell bodies
Gray matter
The layer of the cerebrum that are Fiber tracts inside the gray matter
White matter
It connects hemispheres
corpus callosum
an example of white matter is
corpus callosum
Sits on top of the brain stem which is Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
the three parts of the diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Surrounds the third ventricle which is The relay station for sensory impulses. The Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation
Thalamus
I is Under the thalamus. Its an Important autonomic nervous system center
Hypothalamus
It Helps regulate body temperature, Controls water balance, and Regulates metabolism
Hypothalamus
An important part of the limbic system (emotions) which The pituitary gland is attached to it
Hypothalamus
limbic means
emotions
Forms the roof of the third ventricle that Houses the pineal body. It also Includes the choroid plexus
Epithalamus
forms cerebrospinal fluid
choroid plexus
Attaches to the spinal cord
Brain Stem
Parts of the brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Parts of the brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers.
Midbrain
It Has two bulging fiber tracts which are
cerebral peduncles
It Has four rounded protrusions
corpora quadrigemina
Reflex centers for vision and hearing
corpora quadrigemina
The bulging center part of the brain stem which is Mostly composed of fiber tracts. It includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing
Pons
The lowest part of the brain stem that Merges into the spinal cord. It includes important fiber tracts
Medulla Oblongata
It Contains important control centers like
Heart rate control
Blood pressure regulation
Breathing
Swallowing
Vomiting
Medulla Oblongata
Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem which Involved in motor control of visceral organs.
Reticular Formation
plays a role in awake/sleep cycles and consciousness
Reticular activating system
