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Anatomy Lec > Cardiovascular system Part 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of blood pumped by each side (ventricle) of the heart in one minute

A

Cardiac output (CO)

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2
Q

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction (each heartbeat)

A

Stroke volume (SV)

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3
Q

Stroke volume (SV) Usually remains relatively

A

constant

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4
Q

Stroke volume (SV) About ___ mL of blood is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat

A

70

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5
Q

Heart rate (HR) Typically ___ beats per minute

A

75

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6
Q

the more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction

A

Starling’s law of the heart

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7
Q

the most common way to change cardiac output

A

Changing heart rate

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8
Q

The usual Cardiac output is

A

5250 mL/min

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9
Q

The formula to get Cardiac Output

A

CO = HR × SV

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10
Q

Increased heart rate could be caused by

A

Sympathetic nervous system
Hormones
Exercise
Decreased blood volume

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11
Q

Increased heart rate that’s caused by the Sympathetic nervous system could start due to

A

Crisis
Low blood pressure

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12
Q

Increased heart rate is also caused by Hormones, specifically

A

Epinephrine
Thyroxine

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13
Q

Decreased heart rate are caused by

A

Parasympathetic nervous system
High blood pressure or blood volume
Decreased venous return

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14
Q

Transport blood to the tissues and back

A

Blood Vessels

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15
Q

Blood Vessels is specifically are the organs of this system

A

Vascular System

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16
Q

his Blood vessels Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries
Arterioles

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17
Q

This Blood vessels Exchanges between tissues and blood

A

Capillary beds

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18
Q

This blood vessels Return blood toward the heart

A

Venules
Veins

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19
Q

Blood vessels have three layers of tissues which are called

A

Tunics

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20
Q

The inner layer surrounds the blood as it flows through your body. It is made with Endothelium

A

Tunic intima

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21
Q

The middle layer contains elastic fibers that keep your blood flowing in one direction. IT is also the thickest layer

A

Tunic media

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22
Q

Tunic media is a _____ muscle which is controlled by this type of nervous system

A

Smooth muscle, Sympathetic NS

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23
Q

the outermost tunica (layer) of a blood vessel

A

Tunic externa

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24
Q

Tunic externa is also known as

A

tunica adventitia

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25
Q

Composed entirely of connective fibers and surrounded by an external elastic lamina which functions to anchor vessels with surrounding tissues

A

Tunic externa

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26
Q

Walls of these Blood vessels are the thickest

A

arteries

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27
Q

Lumens of these Blood vessels are larger

A

veins

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28
Q

Larger veins have ________ to prevent backflow

A

valves

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29
Q

This muscle “milks” blood in veins toward the heart

A

Skeletal muscle

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30
Q

Walls of these blood vessels are only one cell layer thick to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue

A

Capillaries

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31
Q

Most arterial blood is pumped by the

A

heart

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32
Q

use the milking action of muscles to help move blood

A

Veins

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33
Q

Capillary beds consist of two types of vessels which are

A

Vascular shunt
True capillaries

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34
Q

vessel directly connecting an arteriole to a venule

A

Vascular shunt

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35
Q

The exchange vessels. This is where Oxygen and nutrients cross to cells
Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products cross into blood

A

True capillaries

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36
Q

Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products cross into

A

BLood

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37
Q

Oxygen and nutrients cross to

A

Cells

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38
Q

When the sphincters open or closed, this capillary bed vessel is always open

A

Vascular Shunt

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39
Q

Largest artery in the body which Leaves from the left ventricle of the heart

A

Aorta

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40
Q

The region of the aorta that leaves the left ventricle

A

Ascending aorta

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41
Q

This region of the aorta arches to the left

A

Aortic arch

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42
Q

This region of the aorta travels downward through the thorax

A

Thoracic aorta

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43
Q

This region of the aorta passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal aorta

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44
Q

These are the branches of the ascending aorta

A

Arterial Branches

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45
Q

Right and left coronary arteries serve the

A

heart

46
Q

Crisis stressors stimulates the action from this system

A

Sympathetic NS activity

47
Q

When crisis has passed, this stimulates this nervous system

A

Parasympathetic NS

48
Q

The Parasympathetic NS controls the resting action via

A

Vagus nerve

49
Q

These hormones Increased Contractile force for cardiac muscle

A

Epinephrine
Thyroxine

50
Q

Hormones and activity of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS could simulate the

A

Heart Rate HR (Beats/Min)

51
Q

This term refers to decreased Blood volume

A

Hemorrhage

52
Q

When hemorrhage occurs, it ________ venous return which also cause this effect on the Stroke volume

A

Decrease

53
Q

when HBP or HBV happens, it decreases the action of this System

A

Sympathetic NS

54
Q

The Sympathetic NS causes increased _________ ______ of cardiac muscle

A

Contractile force

55
Q

When we exercise , it causes the activation of these muscles and “pumps” of this system

A

Skeletal muscles, Respiratory pumps

56
Q

Activation of the skeletal muscles and Respiratory pump causes the Venous return to

A

Increase

57
Q

Increased contractile force of cardiac muscles and the increase and decrease of venous return affects the

A

Stroke volume (mL/beat)

58
Q

Heart rate times the stroke volume equals to the

A

Cardiac Output

59
Q

The only 2 arteries that carries deoxygenated blood are the

A

Pulmonary artery
Umbilical Artery

60
Q

The only 2 veins that carries oxygenated blood are

A

Pulmonary veins
Umbilical veins

61
Q

Tunica media is thicker in these blood vessels

A

Artery

62
Q

This is the blood vessels that has a valve

A

Vein

63
Q

Veins have a wider _______ due to them carrying deoxygenated blood towards the heart

A

Lumen

64
Q

Fetus receives exchanges of gases, nutrients, and wastes through the

A

placenta

65
Q

Umbilical cord contains three vessels which are

A

Umbilical veins
Umbilical arteries (2)

66
Q

carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus

A

Umbilical veins

67
Q

carry carbon dioxide and debris-laden blood from fetus to placenta

A

Umbilical arteries

68
Q

carry carbon dioxide and debris-laden blood from fetus to placenta

A

Umbilical arteries

69
Q

In fetal circulation, Blood flow bypasses the liver through this duct then and enters the inferior vena cava

A

ductus venosus

70
Q

Blood flow bypasses the lungs , then in entering right atrium is shunted directly into the left atrium through the

A

foramen ovale

71
Q

It connects the aorta and pulmonary trunk (becomes ligamentum arteriosum at birth)

A

Ductus arteriosus

72
Q

Ductus arteriosus becomes ____________ __________ at birth

A

ligamentum arteriosum

73
Q

Pressure wave of blood

A

Pulse

74
Q

Pulse is monitored at _________ ______ in arteries where is is easily palpated

A

pressure points

75
Q

Pulse averages _____-____ beats per minute at rest

A

70–76

76
Q

This is the most common place where one can check a person’s pulse

A

Radial artery

77
Q

If one doesn’t have a radial artery, they’ll check the pulse in the

A

Common Carotid artery

78
Q

The Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries

A

Blood Pressure

79
Q

pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction

A

Systolic

80
Q

pressure when ventricles relax

A

Diastolic

81
Q

Pressure in blood vessels decreases as distance from the heart

A

increases

82
Q

In writing blood pressure, you first write the _______ pressure then the _________ pressure

A

Systolic, Diastolic

83
Q

the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute

A

CO

84
Q

the amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through vessels

A

peripheral resistance

85
Q

To increase peripheral resistance, Blood vessels are ___________ & ____________ BV

A

Narrowing, Increased

86
Q

Formula to get Blood pressure

A

BP = CO × PR

87
Q

BP is

A

blood pressure

88
Q

BP is affected by

A

age
weight
time of day
exercise
body position
emotional state

89
Q

Blood Pressure is affected by Factors which are

A

Neural factors
Renal factors
Temperature
Chemicals
Diet

90
Q

Neural factors is caused by

A

Autonomic nervous system adjustments

91
Q

Neural factors is caused by Autonomic nervous system adjustments, specifically

A

sympathetic division

92
Q

Renal factors is caused by

A

Regulation by altering blood volume
Renin

93
Q

Renal factors are regulated by altering

A

blood volume

94
Q

Blood pressure has a hormone that is used as hormonal control which is

A

Renin

95
Q

has a vasodilating effect

A

Heat

96
Q

has a vasoconstricting effect

A

Cold

97
Q

Various substances can cause increases or decreases

A

Chemicals

98
Q

Normal systolic is

A

140–110 mm Hg

99
Q

Normal diastolic is

A

80–75 mm

100
Q

Often associated with illness

A

Hypotension

101
Q

Low systolic

A

Hypotension

102
Q

Low systolic is below

A

110 mm HG

103
Q

High systolic

A

Hypertension

104
Q

Can be dangerous if it is chronic

A

Hypertension

105
Q

High systolic is above

A

140 mm HG

106
Q

Substances exchanged due to concentration gradients

A

Capillary Exchange

107
Q

In Capillary Exchange, these constituents leave the blood

A

Oxygen and nutrients

108
Q

In Capillary Exchange, these constituents leave the cells

A

Carbon dioxide and other wastes

109
Q

Some capillaries have gaps

A

intercellular clefts

110
Q

Plasma membrane not joined by tight junctions

A

intercellular clefts

111
Q

Fenestrations are also known as

A

pores

112
Q

Ideal BP range is from ________ to ________

A

100/90 - 110/70

Anatomy Lec (18 decks)

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