Integumentary system Flashcards
The 3 types of Epithelial membranes
Cutaneous membrane
Mucous membrane
Serous membrane
The Skin.
A dry membrane that’s the Outermost protective boundary
Cutaneous Membrane
Under the cutaneous membrane, Keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium
Superficial epidermis
Under the cutaneous membrane, Mostly dense
connective tissue
Underlying dermis
Underlying loose connective tissue (lamina propria)
Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface
Often adapted for absorption or secretion
Mucous Membranes
Surface simple squamous epithelium
Underlying areolar connective tissue
Lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body
Serous layers separated by serous fluid
Serous Membranes
Serous layers separated by
serous fluid
Outer wall of the serous membrane
Pariental serosa
Inner wall of the serous membrane
Visceral serosa
Serous membrane of Abdominal cavity
Peritoneum
Serous membrane of the Lungs
Pleura
Serous membrane of the heart
Pericardium
A Connective tissue only that Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints
Synovial membrane
the 4 Skin derivatives
Sweat glands
Oil glands
Hairs
Nails
Protects deeper tissues from:
Mechanical damage
Chemical damage
Bacterial damage
Thermal damage
Ultraviolet radiation
Desiccation
Skin
Aids in heat regulation
Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
Synthesizes vitamin D
Skin
outer layer of the skin. It is a
Stratified squamous epithelium that Often keratinized (hardened by keratin)
Epidermis
a Dense connective tissue
Dermis
Deep to dermis is the _____.
It is Not part of the skin.
It anchors skin to underlying organs and
Composed mostly of adipose tissue
hypodermis
Layer of Epidermis
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
A Layer of epidermis where Cells undergoing mitosis
and lies next to dermis
Stratum basale
A layer of epidermis that Occurs only in thick skin
Stratum lucidum
A layer of epidermis that are Shingle-like dead cells
Stratum corneum
Pigment of the skin that is produced by melanocytes
Melanin
Pigment (melanin) produced by _______. They are mostly in the stratum basale
Melanocytes
The 2 layers of the Dermis
Papillary layer & Reticular layer
It is where Blood vessels, Glands, and Nerve receptors are located
Reticular layer
It is where Projections called dermal papillae, Pain receptors
, and Capillary loops are found
Papillary layer
Projections in the Papillary layer
Dermal Papillae
Yellow, brown or black pigments
Melanin
Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables
Carotene
Red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries
Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring
Hemoglobin
A gland that Produce oil. A Lubricant for skin.
It Kills bacteria
Most with ducts that empty into hair follicles.
Glands are activated at puberty
Sebaceous Gland
Widely distributed in skin which has Two types: Eccrine and Apocrine
Sweat glands
A sweat gland that’s Open via duct to pore on skin surface
Eccrine
A sweat gland that have Ducts empty into hair follicles
Apocrine
It is Mostly water, Some metabolic waste, and Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only)
Sweat
The composition of the sweat that is only available in the apocrine
Fatty acid and proteins
It functions is to Help dissipate excess heat,
Excretes waste products, and
Acidic nature inhibits bacteria growth.
Odor is from associated bacteria
Sweat
Produced by hair bulb
Consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells
Melanocytes provide pigment for their color
Hair
the central part of the hair
medulla
A part of the hair that surrounds medulla
Cortex
a part of the hair that is outside of cortex. It is
Most heavily keratinized
Cuticle
Dermal and epidermal sheath surround hair root
Hair Follicle
Smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle to the connective tissue of the basement membrane. The one that causes goosebumbs
Arrector pilli
Scale-like modifications of the epidermis that are Heavily keratinized
Nails
In the nails, it extends beneath the nail bed which is Responsible for nail growth
Stratum Basale
proximal nail fold that projects onto the nail body
Eponychium
Infection Caused by fungal infection
Athletes foot or ringworm
Infections Caused by bacterial infection
Boils and carbuncles
Infections Caused by virus
Cold sores
Exposures cause allergic reaction
Contact dermatitis
Allergies Caused by bacterial infection
Impetigo
Infections and allergies that’s Cause is unknown
Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
Psoriasis
Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
Burns
Associated dangers of Burns
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Circulatory shock
a Way to determine the extent of burns,
Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation and
Each area represents about 9%
Rules of Nines
A severity of burns which Only epidermis is damaged
Skin is red and swollen
First-degree burns
A severity of burns which Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged and is red with blisters.
Second degree burns
A severity of burns where it Destroys entire skin layer
Burn is gray-white or black
Third Degree burns
Over 25% of body has second degree burns
Over 10% of the body has third degree burns
There are third degree burns of the face, hands, or feet
Critical Burns
abnormal cell mass
Cancer
the most common type of cancer
Skin cancer
Two types of cancer
Benign and Malignant
A type of cancer that Does not spread (encapsulated)
Benign
a type of cancer that Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body
Malignant
A skin cancer that is the Least malignant. It is the Most common type of skin cancer and it
Arises from stratum basale
Basal cell carcinoma
A skin cancer where Arises from stratum spinosum. It
Metastasizes to lymph nodes.
Early removal allows a good chance of cure
Squamous cell carcinoma
It is the Most deadly of skin cancers. It is the
Cancer of melanocytes. Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels.
Detection uses ABCD rule
Malignant melanoma
ABCD Rule
A = Asymmetry
B = Border irregularity
C = Color
D = Diameter
ABCD rule where Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
A - Asymmetry
ABCD rule where Borders of mole are not smooth
B - Border irregularity
ABCD rule where there are Different colors in pigmented area
C - Color
ABCD rule where the Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter
D - Diameter
also referred to as the squamous cell layer, isthe thickest layer of the epidermis located just above the basal layer. These are composed of basal cells that have matured into squamous cells, known as keratinocytes
Stratum Spinosum
The Stratum Spinosum are composed of basal cells that have matured into squamous cells, known as
Keratinocytes
