Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Lec > Endocrine part 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Found at the base of the throat and Consists of two lobes and a
connecting isthmus

A

Thyroid Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thyroid Gland Produces two hormones

A

Thyroid hormone
Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major metabolic hormone and Composed of two active
iodine-containing hormones

A

Thyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two active iodine-containing hormones of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is secreted by thyroid follicles

A

Thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

USe as the conversion of T4 at
target tissues

A

Triiodothyronine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thyroxine is also known as

A

T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Triiodothyronine is also knwon as

A

T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A Thyroid hormone disorder that the Thyroid gland enlarges due
to lack of iodine

A

Goiters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

To prevent goiters, _____ is iodized

A

salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It is Caused by hyposecretion of
thyroxine. IT Results in dwarfism during childhood

A

Cretinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Caused by hypothyroidism in
adults which Results in physical and
mental slugishness

A

Myxedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Caused by hyperthyroidism which Results in increased metabolism, heat intolerance, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and exophthalmos

A

Graves’ disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Decreases blood calcium levels
by causing its deposition on
bone

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Calcitonin is Antagonistic to

A

parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Calcitonin is Produced by

A

parafollicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parafollicular cells are found
between the

A

follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tiny masses on the posterior of the
thyroid that Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Parathyroid Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stimulate osteoclasts to remove
calcium from bone, Stimulate the kidneys and intestine to absorb more calcium and Raise calcium levels in the blood

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

degrade bone matrix and release
Ca2+ into blood

A

Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

stimulates calcium salt
deposit in bone

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sit on top of the kidneys

A

Adrenal Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Two regions of Adrenal Glands

A

Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

outer glandular region that has three layers

A

Adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

three layers of the Adrenal cortex

A

Mineralocorticoids secreting
area
Glucocorticoids secreting
area
Sex hormones secreting
area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

inner neural tissue region in the adrenal glands

A

Adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A type of corticosteroids that is mainly aldosterone. It Produced in outer adrenal cortex, Regulate mineral content in blood and Regulate water and electrolyte balance

A

Mineralocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mineralocorticoids is mainly

A

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Target organ of Mineralocorticoids is

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

It helps in the Production stimulated by renin and aldosterone and Production inhibited by atrial
natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

Mineralocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Glucocorticoids includes

A

cortisone and cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

It is Produced in the middle layer of
the adrenal cortex. It Promote normal cell metabolism and Help resist long-term stressors

A

Glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Glucocorticoids Released in response to ____________ blood levels of ACTH

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine are also known as

A

Catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

It is Produced in the inner layer of the adrenal cortex and Small amounts are made throughout life

A

Sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Sex hormones in the inner layer produces mostly _________ but it also forms estrogens

A

androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Results from hyposecretion of all adrenal cortex hormones

A

Addison’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

It causes Bronze skin tone, muscles
are weak, burnout, susceptibility to infection

A

Addison’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

May result from an ACTH-releasing tumor which could cause Excess water and sodium are retained leading to high blood pressure and edema

A

Hyperaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Results from a tumor in the
middle cortical area of the
adrenal cortex

A

Cushing’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cushing’s syndrome is also known as

A

“Moon face,” “buffalo hump” on the upper back,

42
Q

This Adrenal cortex disorders causes high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, weakening of bones, depression

A

Cushing’s syndrome

43
Q

Results from hypersecretion
of sex hormones. it causes Beard and male distribution of hair growth

A

Masculinization

44
Q

Adrenal Medulla Produces two similar hormones

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

45
Q

Epinephrine is also known as

A

adrenaline

46
Q

Norepinephrine is also known as

A

noradrenaline

47
Q

Norepinephrine is also known as

A

noradrenaline

48
Q

The Adrenal Medulla hormones prepare the body to deal with short-term stress or the

A

(“fight or flight”)

49
Q

fight or flight” causes the following

A

Increasing heart rate
blood pressure
blood glucose levels
Dilating small passageways of
lungs

50
Q

a mixed gland and has both endocrine and exocrine
functions

A

pancreas

51
Q

The pancreatic islets produce 2
hormones

A

Insulin
Glucagon

52
Q

this hormone allows glucose to
enter the blood from alpha cells

A

Glucagon

53
Q

allows glucose to cross plasma membranes into cells from beta cells

A

Insulin

54
Q

Insulin allows glucose to cross
plasma membranes into cells
from

A

beta cells

55
Q

Glucagon allows glucose to enter the blood from

A

alpha cells

56
Q

These hormones are antagonists
that maintain

A

blood sugar homeostasis

57
Q

Liver takes up glucose and stores
it as

A

glycogen

58
Q

Found on the third ventricle of the
brain that Secretes melatonin

A

Pineal Gland

59
Q

Helps establish the body’s wake
and sleep cycles and is Believed to coordinate the hormones of fertility in humans

A

melatonin

60
Q

Located posterior to the sternum that Produces thymosin

A

Thymus Gland

61
Q

Thymus Gland is largest in

A

infants and children

62
Q

Matures some types of white
blood cells and is Important in developing the immune system

A

Thymus Gland

63
Q

2 Gonads are

A

Ovaries
Testes

64
Q

It Produce eggs and Produce two groups of steroid hormone

A

Ovaries

65
Q

Ovaries Produce two groups of steroid hormones which are

A

Estrogens
Progesterone

66
Q

This organ Produce sperm and Produce androgens, such as
testosterone

A

Testes

67
Q

Examples of androgens is

A

testosterone

68
Q

Stimulate the development of
secondary female characteristics
and Mature female reproductive
organs

A

Estrogens

69
Q

With _________________, estrogens also Promote breast development
and Regulate menstrual cycle

A

progesterone

70
Q

Acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle, Helps in the implantation of an embryo in the uterus, Helps prepare breasts for lactation

A

Progesterone

71
Q

the most important androgen and is Responsible for adult male secondary sex characteristics

A

Testosterone

72
Q

Promotes growth and maturation
of male reproductive system and is Required for sperm cell production

A

Testosterone

73
Q

The Endocrine Function of the _________, it Produces hormones that maintain the pregnancy and Some hormones play a part in the delivery of the baby

A

Placenta

74
Q

Placenta in addition to estrogen, progesterone, and other
hormones

A

Produces human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG)

75
Q

brought about by lack of efficiency of the ovaries

A

Menopause

76
Q

Problems associated with
reduced ___________ are common

A

estrogen

77
Q

_______ _________ production declines with age

A

Growth hormone

78
Q

Hormones that are produced from other organs than the major organs

A

Prostaglandins
Gastrin
Intestinal Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Erythropoietin
Active vitamin D3
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ANP
Leptin
Resistin

79
Q

It’s one of the hormones from other organs that their chemical composition is derived from fatty acid molecules

A

Prostaglandins

80
Q

The source for Prostaglandins are from the

A

Plasma Membrane of all body cells

81
Q

Prostaglandins can increase BP by acting as a

A

vasoconstrictors

82
Q

This hormone can cause constriction of respiratory passageways, stimulate muscle in the uterus, promoting labor, enhance blood clotting

A

Prostaglandins

83
Q

This hormone promotes inflammation and pain, causes fever and increase output of digestive secretions by the stomach

A

Prostaglandins

84
Q

This peptide hormone is secreted by the stomach wherein it stimulate glands to release HCl in the stomach

A

Gastrin

85
Q

A peptide hormone that is secreted by the duodenum of small intestine and it inhibits hydrochloric acid secretion and gastrointestinal tract mobility

A

Intestinal gastrin

86
Q

Another peptide hormone which is secreted by the duodenum. It’s target organs are the pancreas liver and stomach

A

secretin

87
Q

One of secret in stargate organs is the pancreas. its purpose is to stimulate _____________ release of juice

A

Bicarbonate-rich

88
Q

The stimulus for secretion of intestinal gastrin is food specifically

A

fats

89
Q

Secretin increases release of _____ in the liver

A

bile

90
Q

When secretin target organ is the stomach it reduces

A

Secretions

91
Q

This glycoprotein hormone, which is secreted by the kidney, stimulates production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

A

Erythropoietin

92
Q

Erythropoietin chemical composition is a ___________ hormone

A

Glycoprotein

93
Q

erythropoietin stimulus for secretion is

A

Hypoxia

94
Q

A steroid hormone, which is secreted by the kidneys, stimulates active transport of dietary calcium across intestinal cell membranes in the intestine

A

Active vitamin d3

95
Q

Active vitamin d3 is secreted by the kidneys which activates _________ __ made by the epidermal cells

A

Provitamin D

96
Q

A a peptide hormone, which is secreted by the heart, inhibits sodium ion reabsorption and renin release in the kidneys and inhibits secretion of aldosterone thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure in the adrenal cortex

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide anp

97
Q

A peptide hormone which comes from the adipose tissue and it suppresses appetite and increased energy expenditure in the brain

A

Leptin

98
Q

Leptin stimulus for secretion is

A

Fatty foods

99
Q

This peptide hormone is also from the adipose tissue which antagonizes insulin action on diverse cells in the fat, muscle and liver

A

Resistin

100
Q

A peptide hormone which is from the duodenum it stimulates release of enzyme which juices from the pancreas and it also stimulate explosion of stored bile in the gallbladder

A

Cholecystokinin CCK

101
Q

One of CHOLECYSTOKININ’S (CCK) target organs is __________ ________ which causes sphincter to relax allowing bile and pancreatic juice to enter duodenum

A

Duodenal papilla

Anatomy Lec (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions