South Africa Flashcards
When was South Africa’s Wine of Origin system introduced?
1973
What is the labelling requirement for varietal wines in South Africa?
> 85% of stated grape
All grapes with >20% must be listed
What is the labelling requirement for vintage wines in South Africa?
> 85% from listed vintage
What are the labelling requirements for area-labelled wines in South Africa?
100% of grapes from listed area
What are South Africa’s types of production area (from largest to smallest)?
Geographical unit
Region
District
Ward
What does Single Vineyard Wine mean in South Africa?
Grapes came from one vineyard that is registered and less than 6 hectares
What does Estate mean in South Africa?
Grapes come from contiguous parcels of vineyards and are vinified and bottled on a single property
What is IPW in South Africa?
Integrated Production of Wine Scheme
When was the IPW established?
1998
What is the IPW in South Africa?
Voluntary means of certification for WO producers to comply with sustainable environmental standards
What are the geographical units of South Africa?
Western Cape
Northern Cape
Eastern Cape
Kwazulu-Natal
Limpopo
Free State
What is Douglas (SA)?
A district in Northern Cape
What is Sutherland-Karoo?
A district in Northern Cape
What is Hartswater?
An independent ward in Northern Cape
What is Central Orange River?
An independent ward in Northern Cape
What is Prieska?
An independent ward in Northern Cape
What is St. Francis Bay?
An independent ward in Eastern Cape
What is Central Drakensberg?
A district in Kwazulu-Natal
What is Lions River?
A district in Kwazulu-Natal
How many sub-areas of Limpopo exist?
None
What is Rietriver FS?
An independent ward in Free State
What is Breede River Valley?
A region in Western Cape
What is Cape South Coast?
A region in Western Cape
What is Coastal Region?
A region in Western Cape
What is Klein Karoo?
A region in Western Cape
What is Olifants River?
A region in Western Cape
In which region are all of South Africa’s geographical units located?
Western Cape
What is the Western Cape’s climate?
Mediterranean
What is the Benguela Current?
Airstream from Antarctica that cools coastal South African areas
What is the Cape Doctor?
A strong southeasterly wind that hits the Western Cape in spring and summer. Inhibits fungal disease and moderates temperature. Also batters vines
What is Steen?
South African name for Chenin Blanc
What is the most planted white grape in South Africa?
Steen (Chenin Blanc). 20%
What is Pinotage?
South African grape blend between Cinsault and Pinot Noir
What is Cap Classique?
Traditional method South African sparkling wine. Charmat method. Traditionally made with Chenin Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay increasing in popularity
What is Stellenbosch?
A district in Coastal Region (SA)
What is Cape Town?
A district in Coastal Region (SA)
What is Paarl?
A district in Coastal Region (SA)
What is Tulbagh?
A district in Coastal Region (SA)
What is Darling?
A district in Coastal Region (SA)
What is Franschhoek Valley?
A district in Coastal Region (SA)
What is Wellington (SA)?
A district in Coastal Region (SA)
What is Swartland?
A district in Coastal Region (SA)
What is Constantia?
A ward in Cape Town district in Coastal Region
What grape is Klein Constantia best known for?
Muscat de Frontignan
What are the two most planted varietals in Stellenbosch?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Sauvignon Blanc
What are the key grapes of Paarl?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Shiraz
Pinotage
Chenin Blanc
Chardonnay
What is Boberg?
A region only for fortified wines from Paarl, Franschhoek, Wellington, and Tulbagh
What is Robertson?
A district in Breede River Valley
What is Worcester?
A district in Breede River Valley
What is Breedekloof?
A district in Breede River Valley
What grape is Worcester known for?
Sémillion (50% of SA plantings)
What is Elgin?
A district in Cape South Coast region in Western Cape
What are key grapes from Elgin?
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir
Weisser Riesling
What is Cape Agulhas?
A district in Cape South Coast region in Western Cape
What is Overberg?
A district in Cape South Coast region in Western Cape
What is Plettenberg Bay?
A district in Cape South Coast region in Western Cape
What is Swellendam?
A district in Cape South Coast region in Western Cape
What is Walker Bay?
A district in Cape South Coast region in Western Cape
What is Calitzdorp?
A district in Klein Karoo region in Western Cape
What is Langeberg-Garcia?
A district in Klein Karoo region in Western Cape
What is Citrusdal Mountain?
A district in Olifants River region in Western Cape
What is Citrusdal Valley?
A district in Olifants River region in Western Cape
What is Lutzville Valley?
A district in Olifants River region in Western Cape
<p>Match the following areas with their place within South Africa's WO scheme:</p>
<p>A.Kwazulu-Natal</p>
<p>B.Simonsberg-Paarl</p>
<p>C.Franschhoek Valley</p>
<p>D.Klein Karoo</p>
<p></p>
<p>A. Geographical Unit</p>
<p>B. Ward</p>
<p>C. District</p>
<p>D. Region</p>
<p>What white grapes are grown in the cooler sites in Stellenbosch?</p>
<p>Sauvignon Blanc and Chenin Blanc</p>
<p>What is Pinotage a Crossing of?</p>
<p>Pinot Noir and Cinsault</p>
<p>Due to the \_\_\_\_\_ Current, South Africa's coastal climate is cooler than its latitude suggests.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Benguela</p>
<p>KWV, created in 1918 had monopolistic powers, what happened once democracy in South Africa arrived?</p>
<ul style="list-style-type:circle;"> <li>From 1992, KWV’s rights systematically repealed; reorganized as a private business <ul style="list-style-type:circle;"> <li>It had tremendous powers such as: <ul> <li>fixing prices (distilling & beverage wine),</li> <li>approve purchases of wine</li> <li>set quotas of plantings;</li> <li>control import, marketing, distribution of vine cuttings</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>
<p>What do the terms "Single Vineyard" and "Estate Wine" stipulate on a South African wine label?</p>
<p>Single Vineyard Wine may be used for wines sourced solely from the vineyard, provided it is appropriately registered and of less than 6 hectares.</p>
<p>Estate wines must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land, and vinified and bottled on a single property.</p>
<p>What grape is Durbanville District renowned for?</p>
<p>Sauvignon Blanc</p>
<p>What is a South Africanred wine blend called when it is a blend of Pinotage and other International grapes?</p>
<p>Cape Blend</p>
<p>Where would you find some of the oldest vineyards in The Cape?</p>
<p>Constantia Ward</p>
<p>What are the 2 main style of wine produced in Klein Karoo?</p>
<p>What are the 2 most planted varietals there?</p>
<p>Sweet and Fortified wines.</p>
<p>Muscat and Tinta Barroca</p>
<p>South African has enjoyed great export success since re entering the international markets in early 90s - what volume growth, what markets, bulk vs. packaged and price point?</p>
<ul>
<li>Export success
<ul>
<li>22 million litres in 1992 to 450 million litres in 2017</li>
<li>From 20 export countries to over 135 countries</li>
<li>The key countries are:
<ul>
<li>UK – 23% of total exports by volume</li>
<li>Germany is second…..</li>
<li>USA</li>
<li>China</li>
<li>Countries in Africa</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Packaged wine is 39% of exports</li>
<li>Bulk wine is the remaining 61%</li>
<li>The average price for the wine is low</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Many producers are below a sustainable level of income</p>
<p>Chenin Blanc is the most popular white varietal, what % of plantings?</p>
<p>19%</p>
<p>Main soil types - there are three generic ones - name and describe them</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>3 Main types of soils</strong>
<ul>
<li><strong>Table Mountain Sandstone</strong>:
~~~
<ul>
<li>Sandy; Low nutrients& water retaining properties</li>
<li>need attention to irrigation & fertilization</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Granite: </strong>
<ul>
<li>Found on foothill slopes & hilly areas</li>
<li>Good water retention; potential for dry farming</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Shale:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Good nutrient levels</li>
<li>Water retentive</li>
<li>Potential for dry farming</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
~~~
<p>Certified Wines of Origin (WO) must contain \_\_% of the stated cultivar and vintage.</p>
<p></p>
<p>85%</p>
<p>What is the most planted white grape in South Africa, and what is its South African nickname?</p>
<p>What are 6 other important white grapes (2 with specific South African synonyms)?</p>
<p>Chenin Blanc aka "Steen"</p>
<p>Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Colombard, Cape Riesling (a synonym for Crouchen Blanc unrelated to Riesling), Hanepoot (Muscat of Alexandria), and Gewürztraminer.</p>
<p>What is the climate of Stellenbosch?</p>
<p>What, if anything, provides cooling?</p>
<p>What are the top 2 grapes planted?</p>
<p>Warm Mediterranean climate</p>
<p>Moderated by:</p>
<p>Cool winds from False Bay funnel winds through mountains into valleys</p>
<p>Altitude with vineyards up to 600mRL</p>
<p>Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc - but Black grapes are in the majority</p>
<p>Wine geographical hierarchy for South Africa?</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Geographical Unit: </strong>
~~~
<ul>
<li>Very large areas</li>
<li>E.g. Western Cape – accounts for nearly all SA wine by volume!</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Region:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Named after major feature - Coastal region or Brede River valley</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>District</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Wider categories of Soils, Climate, Ecology; Stellenbosch or Walker bay; like major center or mountain range; some have no wards</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Ward: </strong>
<ul>
<li>defined area within a district: based on common soils, climate, ecological factors</li>
<li>some have no districts but relate to a region</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
~~~
<p>What are the different style of Pinotage made in S. Africa?</p>
<p>-Sometimes blended with int'l varieties to make a "Cape Blend"</p>
<p>-Can be made in a light, fruity style with red berry flavors.</p>
<p>-Wines from old bush vines may be very full-bodied, with rich, spiced berry fruit.</p>
<p>-When fermented with oak, Pinotage takes on intense coffee or chocolate aromas.</p>
<p>Paarl is located to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of Stellenbosch.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Northeast</p>
<p>The Olifants River Region is made up of which 3 Districts?</p>
<p>Citrusdal Mountain</p>
<p>Citrusdal Valley</p>
<p>Lutzville Valley</p>
<p>Which South African producer makesthe Bordeaux-style blend known as "Rubicon"?</p>
<p>Which District / Region / GU is it located in?</p>
<p>What grapes are used?</p>
<p>Meerlust</p>
<p>Stellenbosch / Coastal Region / Western Cape</p>
<p>Mostly Cabernet Sauvignon, w/ Merlot / Cabernet Franc / Petit Verdot</p>
<p>In which District / Region / GI is the Ward of Constantia?</p>
<p>Cape Town District / Coastal Region / Western Cape GI</p>
<p>Which winery has the queen stayed at, and is a favorite of Buckingham Palace?</p>
<p>Vergelegen</p>
<p>Domestic consumption?</p>
<ul>
<li>Local consumption relatively low with 50%of the annual production consumed domestically</li>
</ul>
<p>The most planted white grape in Stellenbosch is:</p>
<p></p>
<p>Sauvignon Blanc</p>
<p>What are the rules for 'Estate Wines' in South Africa?</p>
<p>Grapes must come from estate vineyards in one GI. Estate must process from grape to wine incl bottling</p>
<p>What is the signature black grape of South Africa?</p>
<p>What is the most planted black grape?</p>
<p>What are 6 other popular black grapes planted?</p>
<p>Pinotage.</p>
<p>Cabernet Sauvignon.</p>
<p>Cinsault, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Shiraz, Pinot Noir and Tinta Barroca</p>
<p>What is Vin de Constance?</p>
<p>Who are 3 producers still making it?</p>
<p>An unfortified, dried grape wine made fromMuscat de Frontignan (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains)</p>
<p>Klein Constance</p>
<p>Groot Constance</p>
<p>Buitenverwachting</p>
<p>What is 'Dry Farming', what outcome does it provide and which South African District often uses it?</p>
<p>Vine growing without irrigation</p>
<p>Reduced yields = more concentrated fruit flavours Swartland</p>
<p>South Africa produces Fairtrade wine - how much?</p>
<ul>
<li>SA largest producer of <strong>Fairtrade wine</strong> globally: 2/3rds of Fairtrade wine sales</li>
</ul>
<p>What are 3 key Districts and 2 Wards in the Coastal Region in South Africa?</p>
<p>Stellenbosch District / Paarl District / Swartland District</p>
<p>Durbanville Ward / Constantia Ward</p>
<p>For the following South African producers, identify the specific area in which they are located, and the type of wine they specialize in:</p>
<p>A.Boekenhoutskloof</p>
<p>B.Meerlust</p>
<p>C.Groot Constantia</p>
<p>D.Hamilton Russell</p>
<p>A. <strong>Boekenhoutskloof</strong>: Franschhoek Valley (Coastal Region), specializes in Syrah</p>
<p>B. <strong>Meerlust</strong>: Stellenbosch (Coastal Region), specializes in Bordeaux blends.</p>
<p>C. <strong>Groot Constantia</strong>: Constantia (Cape Town, Coastal Region), specializes in Vin de Constance (in addition to dry whites/reds)</p>
<p>D. <strong>Hamilton Russell:</strong> Hemel-en-Aarde Valley (Walker Bay, Cape South Coast Region), specializes in Pinot Noir and Chardonnay</p>
<p>Hemel-en-Aarde Valley - details?</p>
<p><strong>Hemel-en-Aarde Valley </strong>(ward):</p>
<ul>
<li>lowest in Altitude; closest to Atlantic; Original planting area</li>
<li>PN & Chardonnay thrive here; fresher & brighter style than inland</li>
<li>PN can reach 14% ABV here</li>
<li><strong>BOUCHARD FINLAYSON</strong> (Peter Finlayson) established in 1989</li>
</ul>
<p>What are the 3Districts that make up Breede River Valley Region in South Africa?</p>
<p>Worcester District</p>
<p>Robertson District</p>
<p>Breedekloof</p>
<p>What is Stellenbosch District most renowned for?</p>
<p>2 specific examples of this wine:</p>
<p>Top class red wines Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux blends with Merlot (Cape Blends), Syrah.</p>
<p>Warwick Estate’s “Trilogy”</p>
<p>Meerlust’s “Rubicon"</p>
<p>What are the 3 Districts that make up Breede River Valley Region?</p>
<p>Breedekloof, Worcester, and Robertson</p>
<p>The South African appellation system is goverened by which body?</p>
<p>What is the 4-part hierarchy of wines?</p>
<p></p>
<p>The Wine of Origin System (WO)</p>
<p>Geographical Units /Regions /Districts /Wards</p>
<p></p>
<p>rainfall of Olifants river</p>
<p>200mm and lower</p>
<p>What are the 6 Districtsthat make up Cape South Coast Region in South Africa?</p>
<p><strong>Districts</strong>:Walker Bay /Elgin /Cape Agulhas / Overberg / Plettenberg Bay / Swellendam</p>
<p></p>
<p>What was Napoleon's favorite dessert wine?</p>
<p>Klein Constantia / Vin de Constance</p>
