Argentina Flashcards

Question

Famatina Valley

Answer 1

Main vineyard area in La Rioja Argentina Large volume production Irrigation

Answer 2

Neuquen province:

New wine producing region
Vineyards situated close to where the River Neuquen meets the Rio Negro
Lack of water main issue – cannot grow as a region
Warmer, more arid than Rio Negro: riper styles
Main varieties are: Malbec; Pinot Noir, Merlot and Sauvignon Blanc

Answer 3

Wine-producing regions
- 1500 kms apart, from Salta in the North to Rio Negro in South
- 24- 38°S in latitude degrees
Altitude:
- 500-1000mRL
- Many over 1,000mRL
- highest is around 3300mRL!!
- Gives a wide diurnal temperature range – over 20 degrees in some places
- The cooler night-time temperatures help to extend the growing season and allow the grapes to retain acidity and aromas
- At low latitudes, the influence of cooling altitude essential to make the climate cool enough for viticulture
Combined effect of low latitude and high altitude also results in intense sunlight and high levels of ultraviolet radiation - leads to higher levels of tannins and anthocyanins
Most regions are in the foothills of the Andes – and in the rain shadow of the Andes
Rainfall levels are very low – some places less than 200mm per annum
In desert like conditions irrigation is essential
Even at highest altitude, most are planted on flat or gentle sloping sites
Majority of regions have Continental climate
Dry air reduces risk of fungal disease; strong winds from mountains

Zonda:
- hot dry powerful wind occurring in late spring, early summer
- lowers humidity; can induce water stress in the vines
- can affect flowering; fruit set; or damage grapes
trees planted (poplars) as windbreaks

Answer 4

It's Southerly latitude

Answer 5

Cafayate, Salta.

"Crios"

Torrontés, Malbec, Syrah and Bordeaux varietals.

Answer 6

Cooling must come from altitude with the best vineyards 1,000m + above sea level

Answer 7

Climate:
- Continental w 4 seasons + no extreme temp variations
- Rainfall of 200-300mm/yr in summer.
- La Piedra (early summer hail)
- La Zonda (hot dry wind from N-E)

Answer 8

altitude of 850-1500

Answer 9

Varietals
- Black varieties 60% of plantings
- dominated by Malbec: 1/3^rd of vineyard area
- plantings of Malbec have doubled since 2000

Answer 10

Cafayate and high altitude Uco Valley - retains its acidity and doesn't get overripe

Answer 11

2

Lujan de Cuyo / Malbec

San Rafael / Chenin Blanc

Answer 12

75% of vineyard area and 2/3rds of total production

Answer 13

Cabernet Franc

Considerable potential in Argentina
producing distinctive concentrated style
Single variety or blend with Malbec

Answer 14

North & Eastern Mendoza:

On plains of the Mendoza River valley
Altitude: 500-700m; relatively low-level areas
Irrigation: R Mendoza; (for N Mendoza); R Tunuyan (Eastern Mendoza)
Warmer conditions and easy availability of water means these areas produce larger volumes of inexpensive wine
Some higher quality wines from Tempranillo & Bonarda

Answer 15

DOC Lujan de Cuyo
- 1^st DOC created in Argentina
- Must be aged min 24 mths, with min 12 mths in Oak

used by small no of producers, typically for Malbec

Answer 16

March/April

Answer 17

Viticulture
- Production of Inexpensive wines from high-yielding pink varieties
- Traditional home of Cereza
- Vineyard area is decreasing unlike other regions in Argentina
- Syrah:
  - Most widely planted grape alongside Bonarda & Malbec
  - Highest quality produced from high Altitudes on foothills of Andes
  - GI of Pedernal valley (1250-1500m)
    - Higher diurnal range
    - Higher acid levels and fresher fruit flavours

Answer 18

Cabernet Sauvignon

more susceptible to extremes in temps & Fungal disease than Malbec;
Site selection important
Blended with Malbec generally
But some producers making premium-priced single varietal wines
Competition with Cab Sav’s from around the world
Argentinian Cabernet Sauvignon:
- Ripe high Tannins
- Blackcurrant, Blackberry, Spicy notes
- WITHOUT a marked herbaceous character

Answer 19

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Cooler sites
- Higher altitudes or relatively high latitudes
- Lower Alcohol; Medium (+) Acidity; Medium (+) Tannins; fresh fruit flavours, Red & Black fruit, Herbal & Floral
Warmer sites
- Full Body; Riper fruit, Lower Acidity and Softer Tannins

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Answer 20

Southern Mendoza

South of Mendoza; in dept of San Rafael
200 kms south of city of Mendoza
Altitude: 450–850mRL
Climate
- Southerly location = summers are cooler/longer
- slower sugar accumulation; good Acid retention
- Particularly prone to Summer hailstorms
Wines
- Reds: Medium body, show more red fruit
- Malbec, Cab Sav, Syrah, Bonarda most imp reds
- Chenin Blanc: signature white grape; fruity, well balanced
San Rafael DOC:
- Only other DOC in Argentina and which covers whole dept
- But most producers use the San Rafael GI instead
- The GI doesn’t have any winemaking stipulations

Answer 21

Rio Negro Province: (Black river)

the main growing province of Patagonia
been producing wines for 100 years
Significant stocks of old vines (Semillon, Pinot Noir, Malbec)
Viticulture at the upper end of valley where elevations are from 180-270mRL
Produces elegant, well balanced:
- Pinot Noir
- Malbec
- Merlot
- Sav Blanc & Riesling
350mm rainfall, big diurnal shift
Cooler climate w long warm ripening season + chalky soil -> ideal for whites

Answer 22

Torrontés Sanjuanino

Torrontés Riojano (most highly regarded)

Torrontés Mendocino

Criolla Chica X Muscat of Alexandria

Answer 23

3 Tier system of Geographical Indications:

IP: (Indicacion de Procedencia)
1. cover large geographical areas
2. though not the country as a whole
IG: (or GI, Indicacion Geografica)
1. wines that meet a certain quality,
2. from a specific geographical area
3. that is considered capable of producing quality wines
DOC
1. from a specific geographical area
2. with legislated winemaking criteria
3. so far only 2 created
4. both in Mendoza, only a small number of producers use this category
  1. Lujan de Cuyo
  2. San Rafael

Answer 24

Rio Negro and Neuquen

Answer 25

-Medium body/ Medium acidity

-Intense fruity, floral perfume

-Stone fruit and melon flavors

Answer 26

Chardonnay

widely planted as it is a versatile varietal
Premium wines
- from cool sites in Uco Valley
- Medium (+)-High Acidity, Ripe Stone & Tropical fruit
- Subtle spice notes from Oak maturation
- some using small proportion of new oak or entirely old Oak

Answer 27

Reserva implies a minimum 6 months of aging for white wines and 1 year for reds;

Gran Reserva indicates at least 1 year for whites and 2 for reds.

Answer 28

not even 1/3rd the size

Answer 29

On the irrigated valley floors of Famatina Valley.

Torrontes is a speciality Cab Sav, Syrah and Bonarda grown there too

Answer 30

Highly aromatic, elevated acidity, elevated alcohol

Answer 31

Argentina / Mendoza

Answer 32

Yes - but sandy soils, dry climate seem to keep it at bay

Answer 33

Hazards

Hail
- netting used to protect with hail; many producers in Mendoza own vineyards in many different parts of the province to minimize risk of hail
- can do damage to their entire crop.
- Summer Hail (« piedra ») main threat, up to 30% crop lost every year
Frost
- in Mendoza; usually in flat or bottom of slopes
El Nino
- Occurs every 2-10 years; brings much higher than avg rainfall; more hailstorms
- in 2016 reduction in yield of 25% across the country, 40% in Mendoza

Answer 34

450~1400 metres

Very good Syrah Red grapes: Malbec, Cab Sav, Bonarda

Chardonnay and Viognier are the most planted whites

Answer 35

Summer hail is a regular occurrence

- Netting covers the vines

- As much vineyard location diversity as possible

Answer 36

In Las Compuertas
- Highest vineyards producing
- Fruity, full Body Reds from Malbec & other Bordeaux varieties
- Medium (+) Acidity, Firm Tannins; considerable potential for ageing
- Wines command premium prices and upwards
- Also elegant, balanced whites from Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

Answer 37

San Carlos

Most southerly of the 3 depts
Recognised for its old vine plantings & quality of Malbec, Cab Sav, and in lower warmer areas, Syrah
GI of Parage Altamira:
- Based on Alluvial fan, includes a variety of Soils, though high presence of Calcium Carbonate & Stony topsoil are hallmarks of the GI
- 1000 -1200mRL
- Lower Altitude than Gualtallary
- More intense and fuller bodied than Gualtallary, with acidity & tannin structure to age

Answer 38

Central Mendoza, specifically the departments of Lujan de Cuyo and Maipú.

Specifically Foothills of Andes at between 900~1,100 metres Renowned for producing very fine Malbec

Answer 39

Syrah and Cab Sav

Answer 40

Climate
- high altitude & high latitude means cooler temps
- and a wider diurnal range
Viticulture
- Grapes accumulate less sugar, retain Acidity, fresh fruit flavours
- Intense sunshine give grapes deep colour & ripe tannins
- Because of potential for quality; huge investment from leading winemakers
- Vineyard area has almost doubled this century!
- Black grapes dominate and with Malbec the largest

Answer 41

Cafayate, Salta.

Etchart is the winery that first brought Pomerol winemaker Michel Rolland from France to Argentina, and Yacochuya is his latest project.

Answer 42

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Main export markets by volume
- USA – over 25%
- UK – 15%
- Canada, Brazil, Paraguay
- Other South American countries remain important

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Answer 43

Black = Malbec

White = Torrontes

Bonarda

Answer 44

Bonarda

2^nd most planted black variety
Called Bonarda Argentina to distinguish it from Italian variety
Mainly planted in San Juan & warmer areas in Mendoza
Characteristics
- Late ripening varietal
- High Yielding;
- Deep colour; Medium (+) Acidity; Medium Tannins; Medium Alcohol
- Red & Black fruit flavours;
- Fruity in nature - oak can overwhelm it - If oak used then large or old vessels
produces large volumes of mid-priced wines
85% is consumed domestically
Popular blending partner to Malbec & Cab Sav
Some producers are now making:
- more complex, riper black fruit, spicy
- from lower yielding, old vines in Maipu; Lujan de Cuyo; East of Mendoza

Answer 45

Bodega Norton

Lujan de Cuyo, Mendoza

Answer 46

900-1100mRL

Answer 47

Tupungato:

Most Northerly & highest of departments
At the foot of Mt Tupungato volcano
Fresh, full bodied wines from Malbec, Cab Sav, Cab Franc, PN
Crisp Elegant whites from Chardonnay & Sav Blanc
Gualtallary
- most recognized district
- Narrow strip of vineyards between 1100-1600mRL
- Increasingly recognized as High Quality, complex Whites & Reds
- Distinct Limestone soils; process of being recognized as a GI
- Malbec grown in Gualtallary, (higher altitudes) lighter bodied, Higher Acidity, Red & Black fruit, more Herbal than rest in Argentina
- Blends of Malbec and Cab Franc are common

Answer 48

Torrontés

Answer 49

Northern

Eastern

Central (Upper)

UCO Valley (Western)

Southern

Answer 50

1831

Hess Family Estates

Answer 51

Cafayate region

High elevation, vineyards at 1700mRL

Torrontes is dominant Malbec and Cab Sav also grown

Answer 52

Irrigation:
- Low rainfall, Irrigation essential
- Mendoza river & tributaries, deliver meltwater from winter snow/glaciers of Andes
- this collected by dams & irrigation channels (most date back to 16^th C)

Many irrigated by flood irrigation!
- water released when needed, via complex man-made systems
- amt equivalent to heavy rainstorm
- most widely used irrigation system - 70% of vineyards
- Drip irrigation since 90’s
  - Cheaper & easier than leveling land for flood irrigation; water for drip irrigation from bore holes instead
  - Also, if there is no sufficient sources of water then drip irrigation is more efficient and targeted
  - Recent water shortages in Mendoza, La Rioja and San Juan
- For flood & drip irrigation:
  - the traditional timing of water application is to give larger amts in winter, then low in growing season

Answer 53

Characteristics ```
- Altitude: 600-1500mRL
- Lower altitude sites, hotter than Mendoza with a lower Diurnal range

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Answer 54

UCO Valley with vineyards between 900~1,500 metres

Cool nights retain acidity and fresh fruit flavours Chardonnay, Torrontes, Sauvignon Blanc

Malbec, Cab Sav, Merlot, and Tempranillo Some sites cool enough for Pinot Noir

Answer 55

In Las Compuertas
- Highest vineyards producing
- Fruity, full Body Reds from Malbec & other Bordeaux varieties
- Medium (+) Acidity, Firm Tannins; considerable potential for ageing
- Wines command premium prices and upwards
- Also elegant, balanced whites from Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc
In Agrelo
- Lower, clay soil vineyards
- Produce riper red wines
- With very good and outstanding examples – with the structure for potential ageing
- Fruity Full bodied wines from Semillon

Answer 56

-Luján de Cuyo

-Maipú

-Uco Valley (Valle de Uco)

Answer 57

Wines labeled as GI:

Must be exclusively from grapes grown in that area
If vintage declaration: 85% from that vintage
Single varietal: 85% of that variety
Where 2 or 3 varieties mentioned: must together make up 85% of the blend
Reserva: aged for 12 mths for Reds; 6 mths for White /Roses;
Gran Reserva must be twice as long:
1. 24 months for Reds
2. 12 months for Whites/Roses

Answer 58

- Furrow Irrigation

- Developed centuries ago by the Incas, in which the rivers' water, swelled by Andes snowmelt, is directed through the vineyards in channels

Answer 59

Chardonnay / Semillon

Answer 60

Climate
- Along the valley of Calchaqui River; providing water in desert like conditions
- Lying between 24-26°S; Closest to equator
- 200 mm rainfall
- Low latitudes offset by Altitude
- 1500-3000m: extreme wine growing conditions
- Low Latitude but High Altitude
- Intense Sunlight; Leading to grapes with high levels of Anthocyanins & Tannins
- Mountains provide shade; shortening exposure to intense Sunlight
- Strong Zonda wind; Vines forced to protect themselves; thick skins & lower yields
- Wide diurnal range; producing full bodied, fragrant, fresh wines

Answer 61

Continental

Answer 62

200,000 Ha.

vine pull - reduced down from 300,000 Ha.

Answer 63

Salta

Donald Hess Family Estates

Answer 64

Chateau Cheval Blanc

"Cheval des Andes"

Malbec / Cabernet Sauvignon

Answer 65

Maipu:

North East of Lujan de Cuyo & East and south of city of Mendoza
Altitude: 900m on border of Lujan de Cuyo down to 600m East
Tends to have warmer sites
Large population of old vines
Malbec
- Intensely fruity, Full body,
- High Alcohol, Softer Tannins
Lowest warmer sites produce large volumes of inexpensive wines;
Warmer sites are also a source of higher quality Cab Sav; Tempranillo and Old vine Bonarda

Answer 66

Red

Savoie: Corbeau

USA: Charbono

Answer 67

DOC Lujan de Cuyo
- 1^st DOC created in Argentina
- Must be aged min 24 mths, with min 12 mths in Oak
- used by small no of producers, typically for Malbec

Answer 68

Climate:
- Continental w 4 seasons + no extreme temp variations
- Rainfall of 200-300mm/yr in summer.
- La Piedra (early summer hail)
- La Zonda (hot dry wind from N-E)

Answer 69

Pinot Noir

Plantings increasing but not in top ten
Successful in Patagonia, plus some high elevation vineyards in Uco Valley
Produces concentrated fruity wines

Answer 70

North of San Juan
3^rd largest wine producing region in Argentina
Production
- High volume, inexpensive wines, grown in Famatima valley
- Wine principally made from Torrontes, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and Syrah

Production dominated by La Riojana Co-operative
- single largest Fairtrade certified wines
Wine exported are labeled as ‘La Rioja Argentina’

Answer 71

Primera zone

Answer 72

16th Century

Answer 73

Training Systems
- High Pergolas
  - Traditionally trained on high Pergola system known as Parral;
- to raise grapes away from heat on the ground & provide shade for the fruit
- Common for high yielding, high vigour varieties like Criolla Grande & Chica; Pedro Gimenez
- Newer plantings on VSP cordon training systems; enable use of modern canopy management techniques & drip irrigation

Answer 74

Wine Production
- Reputation for High quality: Pinot Noir, Cab Franc, Merlot, Semillon, Chardonnay, Riesling
- Malbec most planted variety (floral character)

Answer 75

South West of city of Mendoza; where R Mendoza Valley emerges from Andes foothills
Higher half of Primera Zone
Vineyards between 900-1100m
low rainfall + 15C mean annual temp.
Half planted with Malbec; Famous for old Malbec vines

Answer 76

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Northern
Eastern
Central
Uco Valley (Valle de Uco)
Southern

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Answer 77

Torrontes

3 different varieties;

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Torrontes Riojano
Torrontes Sanjuanino
Torrontes Mendocino

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Riojano
- The one referenced in the text
- best of the 3
- 2^nd most planted white & most distinctive

Answer 78

North Region: Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca

Cuyo: La Rioja, San Juan, Mendoza

Patagonia: La Pampa, Rio Negro, Neuquén

Answer 79

Parral, a pergola system to keep the grapes away from the hot ground and leaves arranged to provide shade. Torrontes is still grown this way but, increasingly, black grapes are trained on vertical trellises with canopies arranged to give shade

Answer 80

Pink-skinned

Bulk wine / grape concentration production

Answer 81

Wines ```
- Deep coloured, Full bodied
- High levels of Soft Tannins
- High Alcohol
- Ripe Blackberry and black plums
Can be made in different styles
- Inexpensive/Mid-priced: Light fruity wines, early drinking,
- Premium: structured, age worthy with premium & super premium

```

Answer 82

Bulk wines, nothing special

Answer 83

Characteristics
- Natural cross of Muscat of Alexandria & Criolla Chica in 18^th C
- Often have a strong floral aroma of Muscat
- Vigorous and high yielding
- Widely planted in Mendoza; San Juan; La Rioja
- As an early ripening grape, heat meant it became over ripe and overly alcoholic, lacked acidity with a bitter finish

Answer 84

Tunuyan

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South of Tupungato
Wider range of Altitudes than Tupungato
At lower/warmer end it produces
- Fuller body; Structured, Fruity Red wines
Higher sites
- Suitable for Premium white & Pinot Noir

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Answer 85

Buenos Aires

Answer 86

Problems in the Industry

Exports have fallen since the boom
inflationary rises leading to increase production costs making it hard to sustain price points in the market
Low yields in 2016 (heavy rains as part of El Nino); Spring frosts in 2017 have also contributed to problems
At the same time govt imposed restrictions on Foreign ownership of land (slowing rate of foreign investments); Those laws changed since 2016

Answer 87

- Mendoza

- "Nicolás"

-Malbec / Cabernet Sauvignon

Answer 88

Pedro Gimenez

most planted white variety
neutral grape used simple, inexpensive wines for domestic consumption

Answer 89

Mendoza Province

75% of the vineyard plantings

2/3rds of wine produced
By far largest province in Argentina
Main vineyards at the base of the Andes, valley of the R Mendoza
River Mendoza supplying essential water for irrigation
Altitude: 500 to 1,500mRL in the upper parts of Uco valley

Answer 90

Loose, sandy, alluvial soil with clay substructures

Answer 91

Pedro Gimenez

Pedro Ximénez

Used for bulk wine production and blending

Answer 92

Wine style
- Intended for Early drinking
- but some fermenting small amts in Oak and then blending with unoaked wine to produce age worthy wines
- some fruit – lemon, grapefruit and peach
- often have the strong floral aroma of Muscat
- some producers blend with Sauvignon Blanc
- fragrant, late harvest sweet wines also made

Answer 93

500-1,500m above sea level

Answer 94

Patagonia Region:

Climate
- Due to higher latitude, Temps are relatively low, sunlight less intense
- growing season longer
- Rainfall 200mm so irrigation essential
- CONSTANT WINDS;(esp in Neuquen), blow across arid Patagonian plateau from Andes; can be strong enough to disrupt flowering& damage vines
- Barriers needed to protect vines; vineyards protected by rows of Poplar trees

Answer 95

Uco Valley

Michel Rolland

Mostly Malbec, with Merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Syrah, Petit Verdot and Cabernet Franc.

Answer 96

38-39 degrees south

Answer 97

Mendoza

Northern / Eastern / Central / Southern / Uco Valley

Answer 98

Bodegas Chacra.

Pinot Noir from Rio Negro

Answer 99

La Pampa Province

Rio Negro Province

Neuquen Province

Answer 100

Was once dominated by high-yielding pink criolla varieties
- The notable ones: Cereza, Criolla Grande and Criolla Chica (Pais in Chile)
- Pink skins when fully ripe
- Produce wines that are lightly coloured
- Used to make inexpensive wines for the domestic market
- Still 25% of plantings!!
- Cereza is still comfortably 2^nd most planted variety

Answer 101

Viticulture
- Malbec
  - dominant black grape
  - full body, Medium (+) Acidity, High Alcohol
  - Ripe Black fruit, herbal or floral characteristics
- Other black grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Bonarda, Syrah, Tannat
- Torrontes:
  - Successful in GI Cafayate (district south of the province; vineyards 1700 m)
  - Produces aromatic, unoaked wines

Answer 102

Wine Production
- Reputation for High quality: Pinot Noir, Cab Franc, Merlot, Semillon, Chardonnay, Riesling
- Malbec most planted variety (floral character)

Answer 103

Syrah

Hotter sites in Mendoza;
San Juan – more planted here than Malbec
Wines:
- Warmer sites: Full body, high alcohol, ripe black fruit
- Cooler sites: elegant, firmer tannins, Fresher fruit

Answer 104

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Different soils at different altitudes:
- Higher altitudes
  - Larger stones with calcareous deposits dominate the higher altitudes,
  - closer to the Andes;
  - found in Gualtallary; Paraje Altamira in Uco valley; Pedernal valley in San Juan – now seen as sources of high-quality wines
- Middle altitudes
  - dominated by Gravel, Sands & Silts;
  - Maipú + Río Negro
- Lower altitudes
  - Deep loamy Clay soils, richer in nutrients

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Answer 105

"Barbera Bonarda"

Answer 106

Climate
- Due to higher latitude, Temps are relatively low, sunlight less intense
- growing season longer
- Rainfall 200mm so irrigation essential
- CONSTANT WINDS;(esp in Neuquen), blow across arid Patagonian plateau from Andes; can be strong enough to disrupt flowering& damage vines
- Barriers needed to protect vines; vineyards protected by rows of Poplar trees

Answer 107

Cereza (‘cherry’ in Spanish):

Large berries; juice paler vs. Criolla; brought in by Spanish settlers
Mainly in eastern Mendoza + San Juan
Rosé of mediocre quality for local consumption or grape concentrate

Criolla Grande:

Pink-skinned grapes; low quality vinifera variety; amongst 1st vines cultivated in the Americas
Most planted variety in Mendoza (>Malbec)
Can make white or pink wine. Cheap and sold in litre bottles or cartons.

Criolla Chica (// País in Chile)

Imported by Spanish conquistadores in 16th.
Less common vs. Cereza & Grand. Paler & slightly better quality

Answer 108

Criolla Chica

Answer 109

within the Tupungato department of the Uco Valley sub region

Answer 110

distinct limestone soil

Answer 111

Malbec - lighter bodied than usual, with higher acidity, red and black fruit with more herbal notes than usually seen in Argentina

Cabernet Franc

Answer 112

Cafayate, Salta.

"Crios"

Torrontés, Malbec, Syrah and Bordeaux varietals.

Answer 113

- Mendoza

- "Nicolás"

-Malbec / Cabernet Sauvignon

Answer 114

Chardonnay / Semillon

Answer 115

Torrontés

Answer 116

Northern

Eastern

Central (Upper)

UCO Valley (Western)

Southern

Answer 117

Pink-skinned

Bulk wine / grape concentration production

Answer 118

Red

Savoie: Corbeau

USA: Charbono

Answer 119

North Region: Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca

Cuyo: La Rioja, San Juan, Mendoza

Patagonia: La Pampa, Rio Negro, Neuquén

Answer 120

Reserva implies a minimum 6 months of aging for white wines and 1 year for reds;

Gran Reserva indicates at least 1 year for whites and 2 for reds.

Answer 121

Cafayate region

Very high elevation, some vineyards over 3,000 metres (10,000 ft.)

Torrontes is dominant Malbec and Cab Sav also grown

Answer 122

1831

Hess Family Estates

Answer 123

March/April

Answer 124

-Luján de Cuyo

-Maipú

-Uco Valley (Valle de Uco)

Answer 125

Parral, a pergola system to keep the grapes away from the hot ground and leaves arranged to provide shade. Torrontes is still grown this way but, increasingly, black grapes are trained on vertical trellises with canopies arranged to give shade

Answer 126

Torrontés Sanjuanino

Torrontés Riojano (most highly regarded)

Torrontés Mendocino

Criolla Chica X Muscat of Alexandria

Answer 127

Criolla Chica

Answer 128

Bulk wines, nothing special

Answer 129

Buenos Aires

Answer 130

-Medium body/ Medium acidity

-Intense fruity, floral perfume

-Stone fruit and melon flavors

Answer 131

Syrah and Cab Sav

Answer 132

Central Mendoza, specifically the departments of Lujan de Cuyo and Maipú.

Specifically Foothills of Andes at between 900~1,100 metres Renowned for producing very fine Malbec

Answer 133

Bodegas Chacra.

Pinot Noir from Rio Negro

Answer 134

Summer hail is a regular occurrence

- Netting covers the vines

- As much vineyard location diversity as possible

Answer 135

"Barbera Bonarda"

Answer 136

La Pampa Province

Rio Negro Province

Neuquen Province

Answer 137

500-1,500m above sea level

Answer 138

Black = Malbec

White = Torrontes

Bonarda

Answer 139

Continental

Answer 140

On the irrigated valley floors of Famatina Valley.

Torrontes is a speciality Cab Sav, Syrah and Bonarda grown there too

Answer 141

450~1400 metres

Very good Syrah Red grapes: Malbec, Cab Sav, Bonarda

Chardonnay and Viognier are the most planted whites

Answer 142

- Furrow Irrigation

- Developed centuries ago by the Incas, in which the rivers' water, swelled by Andes snowmelt, is directed through the vineyards in channels

Answer 143

UCO Valley with vineyards between 900~1,500 metres

Cool nights retain acidity and fresh fruit flavours Chardonnay, Torrontes, Sauvignon Blanc

Malbec, Cab Sav, Merlot, and Tempranillo Some sites cool enough for Pinot Noir

Answer 144

It's Southerly latitude

Answer 145

Uco Valley

Michel Rolland

Mostly Malbec, with Merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Syrah, Petit Verdot and Cabernet Franc.

Answer 146

Pedro Gimenez

Pedro Ximénez

Used for bulk wine production and blending

Answer 147

2

Lujan de Cuyo / Malbec

San Rafael / Chenin Blanc

Answer 148

Highly aromatic, elevated acidity, elevated alcohol

Answer 149

Bodega Norton

Lujan de Cuyo, Mendoza

Answer 150

Cafayate, Salta.

Etchart is the winery that first brought Pomerol winemaker Michel Rolland from France to Argentina, and Yacochuya is his latest project.

Answer 151

Cooling must come from altitude with the best vineyards 1,000m + above sea level

Answer 152

16th Century

Answer 153

Mendoza

Northern / Eastern / Central / Southern / Uco Valley

Answer 154

Salta

Donald Hess Family Estates

Answer 155

Chateau Cheval Blanc

"Cheval des Andes"

Malbec / Cabernet Sauvignon

Answer 156

Argentina / Mendoza