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D3 - Wines of the World (superset) > Alsace > Flashcards

Alsace Flashcards

1
Q

<p>4 examples of Alsace producers:</p>

A

<p>Hugel.</p>

<p>Trimbach.</p>

<p>Marcel Deiss.</p>

<p>Zind-Humbrecht.</p>

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2
Q

<p>All Alsace AOP wines are required to be bottled in what traditional bottle?</p>

A

<p>Flûte d'Alsace</p>

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3
Q

<p>All varietally-labeled wines from Alsace must be made from 100% of that variety, with which exception?</p>

A

<p>Pinot Blanc, which may be blended with Auxerrois.</p>

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4
Q

Alsace % Chardonnay plantings

A

1% (8th)

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5
Q

Alsace % Chasselas plantings

A

0.6% (9th)

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6
Q

Alsace % Gewurtztraminer plantings

A

19.4% (3rd)

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7
Q

Alsace % Muscat plantings

A

2.3% (7th)

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8
Q

Alsace % Pinot Blanc plantings

A

21.2% (2nd)

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9
Q

Alsace % Pinot Gris plantings

A

15.4% (4th)

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10
Q

Alsace % Pinot Noir plantings

A

9.9% (5th)

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11
Q

Alsace % Riesling plantings

A

21.9% (1st)

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12
Q

Alsace % Savagnin Rosé plantings

A

0.3% (10th)

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13
Q

Alsace % Sylvaner plantings

A

7.5% (6th)

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14
Q

Alsace and biodynamics

A

Widely practiced

Low disease pressure

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15
Q

<p>Alsace AOC plus a commune is allowed - how many communes?</p>

A

<p><strong>Alsace AOC</strong> with one of the 13 commune names added</p>

<ul>
<li>72 hL/Ha. Maximum yield for whites</li>
<li>A commune is a ‘Bergheim’</li>
</ul>

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16
Q

<p>Alsace AOC plus a 'lieu-dit' is allowed - what is a lieu-dit?</p>

A

<p><strong>Alsace AOC</strong> plus a ‘lieu-dit’</p>

<ul>
<li>A ‘lieu-dit’ is a named site – a single vineyard – generally has historical name of some significance</li>
<li>68 hL/Ha. Maximum yield for whites</li>
</ul>

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17
Q

Alsace AOP blanc maximum yield

A

75 hl/ha

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18
Q

Alsace AOP Riesling allowed sweetness level

A

Dry

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19
Q

Alsace AOP rose maximum yield

A

80 hl/ha

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20
Q

Alsace AOP rouge maximum yield

A

60 hl/ha

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21
Q

Alsace Grand Cru AOP maximum yield

A

55 hl/ha

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22
Q

<p>Alsace Grand Cru wines are produced only from the Noble Varieties and are single-variety wines.</p>

<p>What are the 3 exceptions and what is different about them?</p>

A

<p>Altenberg de Bergheim and Kaefferkopf may blend varieties.</p>

<p>Zotzenberg is a historical site for Sylvaner.</p>

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23
Q

<p>Alsace is mainly known for its white wine, but which red grape variety is most commonly grown there?</p>

A

<p>Pinot Noir</p>

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24
Q

Alsace noble grapes

A

Riesling

Pinot Gris

Muscat

Gewurtztraminer

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25
Q

Alsace vine training on slopes

A

Low (radiated heat)

Faces best sun exposure

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26
Q

Alsace vine training plains

A

High (frost avoidance)

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27
Q

Alsace VT and SGB release date

A

1 June of 2nd year after harvest

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28
Q

Alsace VT and SGN requirements?

A

Contain a singe noble variety

Pass blind tasting panel

Contain prescribed minimum sugar levels

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29
Q

<p>Alsace white winemaking options - what are the general ones used?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>KEY Aim to preserve primary fruit character
<ul>
<li>Temp control installed</li>
<li>Inert ferment vessels used to retain primary fruit</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Harvest can be spread out due to different aspects, altitudes, varietals and soil types</li>
<li>Pre ferment skin contact or keeping pressed grapes longer - practised by some to extract flavour molecules & add texture</li>
<li><strong>Ferment temperature</strong></li>
<li>Cool ferment used for Muscat, Riesling, Sylvaner</li>
<li>Mid-range temps more likely used for Gewurztraminer
<ul>
<li>pronounced aromas not affected by slightly higher temps</li>
<li>slightly higher temp is desirable so can ferment to reach higher alcohol levels</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>very low ferment temps avoided to avoid banana aromas</li>
<li>Some prefer ambient yeasts rather than cultured yeast</li>
<li><strong>MLF avoided – to preserve primary fruit</strong></li>
<li>Very little new oak used</li>
<li>Aged in Large neutral containers & SS on fine lees (for freshness), without Lees stirring to retain primary flavours</li>
<li>Chaptalization is allowed except for Vendange Tardive.</li>
<li>Increasing no of producers indicate sweetness on label: Previously it was knowledge of individual house style that dictated knowledge of level of RS</li>
</ul>

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30
Q

Alsace’s climate type

A

Cool to moderate continental

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31
Q

<p>Alsatian Grand Cru vineyards can only produce Grand Cru wines.</p>

<p>True or False?</p>

A

<p>False.</p>

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32
Q

<p>Alsatian Grand Cru wines may NOT be chaptalized.</p>

<p>True or False?</p>

A

<p>False</p>

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33
Q

Altenberg de Bergbieten location

A

Grand Cru

Bergieten Commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

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34
Q

Altenberg de Bergheim blend

A

50-70% Riesling

10-25% Pinot Gris

10-25% Gewurtztraminer

Max 10% other

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35
Q

Altenberg de Wolxheim location

A

Grand cru

Wolxheim commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

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36
Q

AOP(s) of Lorraine

A

Côtes de Toul AOP

Moselle AOP

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37
Q

Authorized grapes of Crémant de Alsace AOP

A

Pinot Blanc

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay

Riesling

Pinot Gris

Auxerrois

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38
Q

<p>Auxerrois is a synonym for Pinot Blanc.</p>

<p>True or False?</p>

A

<p>False, though it is often blended with Pinot Blanc.</p>

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39
Q

Auxerrois vs Pinot Blanc

A

Similar characteristics

More full bodied

Slightly spicier

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40
Q

Base of the Vosges Mountains soil composition

A

Alluvial clay and gravel soils

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41
Q

Best Alsace Gewurtztraminer style

A

Pungent

Lychees

Rose

Sweet baking spices

Sometimes golden color

Full bodied

Oily texture

Low to med acid

High alcohol

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42
Q

Best Alsace Muscat style

A

Intensely aromatic

Orange Blossom

Rose

Grape

Light to med body

Low to med acidity

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43
Q

Best Alsace Pinot Gris

A

Rich

Full bodied

High alcohol

Med acid

Pronounced intensity

Fresh and dried fruits

Honeyed character

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44
Q

Best Alsace riesling style

A

Med to full body

Dry

Med alcohol

High acid

Citrus and stone fruit

Stony or steely character

Less floral than German

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45
Q

<p>Best vineyards sites in Alsace are site in what locations?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Altitude: Best vineyards at 200-250 m on slopes; some at 450 m</li>
<li>Best vineyards: South, SE; SW facing for max sun interception</li>
</ul>

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46
Q

Best vintages Alsace

A

2016

2009

2007

2005

2000

1997

1990

1989

1988

1985

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47
Q

Brand location

A

Grand Cru

Turckheim commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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48
Q

Bruderthal location

A

Grand Cru

Molsheim commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

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49
Q

<p>Climate of Alsace?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>North Eastern France</li>
<li>Warm, sunny, dry due to protection of Vosges mountains</li>
<li>Westerly winds carry rain clouds; but fall on the Westerly side of Vosges mountains</li>
<li>Rain shadow + wind protection</li>
<li>600mm annual rainfall; Less than 1/2 of what falls on the other side of mountains</li>
<li>Moderate rainfall but throughout year can be an issue at flowering and set;</li>
<li>Rain spread throughout yr; can be an issue at flowering/fruit set</li>
<li>1800+ sunshine hours/year</li>
<li>Long ripening /growing season (dry warm autumn)</li>
<li>Continental climate</li>
<li>Fohn wind: a drying influence; a warm wind that raises temps & reduces incidence of fungal disease</li>
</ul>

<p>Marked diurnal temps esp. on higher sites; retaining Acidity</p>

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50
Q

Côtes de Toul

A

AOP in Lorraine

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51
Q

Crémant d’Alsace lees aging

A

Minimum 9 months

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52
Q

Départments of Alsace (north to south)

A

Bas-Rhin

Haut-Rhin

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53
Q

<p>Depending on variety, how late can grape picking happen</p>

A

<p>End November / early December</p>

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54
Q

Describe Albert Boxler

A

Haut-Rhin

Organic

Labels GC wines after subplots within

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55
Q

Describe Clos Saint Hune

A

Monopole in Rosacker Grand Cru Alsace

Owned by Trimbach

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56
Q

Describe Domaine Ostertag

A

Bas-Rhin

Biodynamic

Uses unofficial tags (Vins de Fruit/ Vins de Pierre/ Vins de Temps)

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57
Q

Describe Domaine Weinbach

A

Haut-Rhin

Biodynamic since 2005

Owns Clos des Capucins

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58
Q

Describe Trimbach

A

Haut-Rhin

No Grand Cru use

Clos Saint Hune

Cuvée Frédéric Emile;

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59
Q

Describe Zind-Humbrecht

A

Haut-Rhin

Staunchly biodynamic/non-interventionist

Owns GC Rangen de Thann and Clos Saint Urbain within it

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60
Q

Eichberg location

A

Grand Cru

Eguisheim commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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61
Q

Engelberg location

A

Grand Cru

Dahlenheim and Scharrachbergheim communes

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

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62
Q

Exceptions to Alsace Grand Cru grape requirements

A

Zotzenberg is allowed to produced 100% Sylvaner

Altenberg de Bergheim and Kaefferkopf are allowed to blend according to prescribed proportions

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63
Q

First approved Alsace Grand Cru

A

Schlossberg

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64
Q

Florimont location

A

Grand Cru

Ingersheim and Katzenthal communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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65
Q

Frankstein location

A

Grand Cru

Dambach-la-Ville commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

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66
Q

Froehn location

A

Grand Cru

Zellenberg commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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67
Q

Furstentum location

A

Grand Cru

Kientzheim and Sigolsheim communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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68
Q

Geisberg location

A

Grand Cru

Ribeauvillé commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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69
Q

General grape requirements for Alsace Grand Cru wines

A

Must be produced from noble varieties

Must be single-variety wines

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70
Q

<p>Gewurztraminer - describe the varietal and the wines produced</p>

A

<p><strong> GEWURZTRAMINER – 3rd most planted:</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Early budding (prone to spring frosts) Early ripening (avoiding Autumn rains)</li>
<li>Picked late in Alsace to reach full ripeness to maximise aromas, avoiding unripe grapes</li>
<li>Vigorous; Need careful pruning; canopy management;</li>
<li>Prone to coulure</li>
<li>Can suffer from Chlorosis; desiccation of stems; powdery mildew; grape vine moth; grey rot; virus free clones have been produced to reduce these issues</li>
<li>Wines
<ul>
<li>Typically: medium Lemon in colour (grapes are light pink)</li>
<li>Pronounced aromas of Lychee, Peach/Apricot, Rose, Spice (Gewurtz means Spice)</li>
<li>Medium to high Alcohol</li>
<li>Medium to Full Body</li>
<li>Low Acidity</li>
<li>Range of style: dry to Sweet</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Good to Outstanding; Mid to Premium</li>
<li>Best around Barr (Bas Rhin); richer and more aromatic in Southern Alsace</li>
</ul>

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71
Q

Gloeckelberg location

A

Grand Cru

Rodern and Saint-Hippolyte communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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72
Q

Goldert location

A

Grand Cru

Gueberschwihr commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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73
Q

Grapes allowed in Alsace AOP

A

Riesling

Pinot Gris

Muscat

Muscat Ottonel

Gewurtztraminer

Pinot Blanc (Klevner)

Chasselas (Gutedal)

Sylvaner

Pinot Noir

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74
Q

<p>Harvest - what is it and what are the challenges?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Long harvest period; Sept to late Oct; due to range of styles & altitudes</li>
<li>Styles: Sparkling, late picked, Botrytis affected wines</li>
<li>Vineyards on steep slopes handpicked; adding to cost</li>
<li>AOC regulations demand that Grand Cru handpicked</li>
<li>Vineyards on gentle slopes can be picked by machines</li>
</ul>

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75
Q

Hatschbourg location

A

Grand Cru

Hattstatt and Voegtlinshoffen communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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76
Q

Hengst location

A

Grand Cru

Wintzenheim commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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77
Q

How many Alsatian communes are allowed to varietally bottle Savignin Rose (Klevener de Heiligenstein)?

A

5

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78
Q

<p>How many Grand Cru vineyards are in Alsace?</p>

A

<p>51</p>

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79
Q

<p>How many Grand Cru vineyards are in Alsace?</p>

A

<p>51</p>

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80
Q

<p>In Alsace, what are the typical soil types found in:</p>

<p>1. Steeper slopes. (3)</p>

<p>2. Lower slopes. (1)</p>

<p>3. Flatter plains. (2)</p>

A

<p>1. Schist, granite, volcanic sediment.</p>

<p>2. Limestone/sandstone</p>

<p>3. Alluvial clay, gravel.</p>

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81
Q

In which départment are Alsace’s best wines typically found?

A

Haut-Rhin

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82
Q

<p>In which wine region can the town of Riquewihr be found? </p>

A

<p>Alsace</p>

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83
Q

Is hand-harvesting required for Alsace Grand Cru AOP wines?

A

Yes

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84
Q

Kaefferkopf blend

A

60-80% Gewurtztraminer

10-40% Riesling

Max 30% Pinot Gris

Max 10% Muscat

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85
Q

Kaefferkopf location

A

Grand Cru

Ammerschwihr commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

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86
Q

Kanzlerberg location

A

Grand Cru

Bergheim commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

87
Q

Kastelberg location

A

Grand Cru

Andlau

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

88
Q

Kessler location

A

Grand Cru

Guebwiller commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

89
Q

Key differences between Alsatian Riesling and German Riesling

A

Alsatian Riesling is usually:

Drier

More Powerful

Higher in alcohol

90
Q

Kirchberg de Barr location

A

Grand Cru

Barr commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

91
Q

Kitterlé location

A

Grand Cru

Guebwiller commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

92
Q

Lower slopes in Alsace soil composition

A

Limestone

93
Q

Main Pinot Blanc use Alsace

A

Sparkling

94
Q

Mambourg location

A

Grand Cru

Sigolsheim commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

95
Q

Mandelberg location

A

Grand Cru

Mittelwihr and Beblenheim commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

96
Q

Marckrain location

A

Grand Cru

Bennwihr and Sigolsheim communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

97
Q

Minimum potential alcohol level required for Alsace Grand Cru AOP Riesling wines

A

11%

98
Q

Minimum potential alcohol level required for Alsace Grand Cru AOP Muscat wines

A

11%

99
Q

Minimum potential alcohol level required for Alsace Grand Cru AOP Gewurtztraminer wines

A

12.5%

100
Q

Minimum potential alcohol level required for Alsace Grand Cru AOP Pinot Gris wines

A

12.5%

101
Q

<p>Minimum sugar levels in Vendange Tardive and Selection de Grains Nobles by varietal?</p>

A

<p><img></img>Vendange Tardive, Muscat/Riesling 235g/l RS</p>

<p>Vendange Tardive, Pinot Gris/Gewurztraminer 257 g/l RS</p>

<p></p>

<p>Selection de Grains Noble, Muscat/Riesling 276 g/l RS</p>

<p>Selection de Grains Noble, Pinot Gris/Gewurztraminer 306 g/l RS</p>

102
Q

MLF in Alsace

A

Discouraged

Masks pure fruit flavors of aromatic varieties

103
Q

Modern Alsace oak use

A

Minimal

Stainless steel preferred for temp control

104
Q

Moenchberg location

A

Grand Cru

Andlau and Eichhoffen communes

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

105
Q

Moselle

A

AOP in Lorraine

106
Q

Most planted grape in Alsace

A

Riesling

107
Q

Most recent Grand Cru in Alsace

A

2007

Kaefferkopf

108
Q

Muenchberg location

A

Grand Cru

Nothalten commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

109
Q

Muscat Ottonel composition

A

Chasselas x Muscat de Saumur

110
Q

<p>Muscat?</p>

A

<p><strong>MUSCAT:</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains & Muscat Ottonel grown in tiny amounts</li>
<li>Muscat Ottonel - ripens earlier, making it attractive to avoiding Autumn rains</li>
<li>Wines:
<ul>
<li>Highly Aromatic & grapey;</li>
<li>Generally made to be dry, low alcohol & low acidity</li>
<li>SGN/VT but rare</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

111
Q

Ollwiller location

A

Grand Cru

Wuenheim commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

112
Q

Only red varietal permitted in Alsace AOP

A

Pinot Noir

113
Q

Osterberg location

A

Grand Cru

Ribeauvillé commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

114
Q

Percentage of white grape plantings in Alsace AOP

A

90%

115
Q

Pfersigberg location

A

Grand Cru

Eguisheim and Wettolsheim communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

116
Q

Pfingstberg location

A

Grand Cru

Orschwihr commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

117
Q

<p>Pinot Blanc - the varietal and the wines produced</p>

A

<p><strong>PINOT BLANC & AUXERROIS – 2nd most planted:</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Early ripening and low aromatic variety</li>
<li>Light Intensity aromas; Apple, Peach</li>
<li>Medium Acidity</li>
<li>Medium Alcohol</li>
<li>Acceptable to Good – with few very good examples</li>
<li>Inexpensive to Mid-priced</li>
<li>Auxerrois can be labelled pinot blanc; early ripening; low aromatic; low Acidity</li>
<li>Used in blends or Cremant d’Alsace</li>
</ul>

118
Q

<p>Pinot Gris - describe the varietal and the wines produced</p>

A

<p><strong>PINOT GRIS – 4th most planted:</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Early budding; (prone to Spring Frosts); Early ripening;</li>
<li>Moderate yields</li>
<li>Susceptible to Botrytis bunch rot; Downey mildew</li>
<li>Wines
<ul>
<li>Medium to High Alcohol</li>
<li>Medium Intensity: Peach, Apple</li>
<li>Full Body</li>
<li>Medium Acidity</li>
<li>Best examples have an oily rich texture</li>
<li>capacity to age & develop honey & smoky notes</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Range of styles: dry to Sweet</li>
<li>PG can see a rapid rise in sugar levels & a drop in Acidity; thus, picking time important</li>
<li>Climate change has seen earlier picking;</li>
<li>shift towards drier styles; Dry 12.5-13.5%ABV rather than off dry 13.5%ABV</li>
<li>Good to Outstanding; Mid to Premium</li>
<li>Aromatics of gewürztraminer with acidity of Riesling</li>
<li>Also suitable for SGN & VdT</li>
<li>Best in North</li>
</ul>

119
Q

<p>Pinot Noir - describe the varietal and the wines produced</p>

A

<p><strong>PINOT NOIR: (now 11% of vineyard plantings and growing)</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Only black grape allowed for AOC wines</li>
<li>Warming climate, improved knowledge of winemaking techniques from Burgundy, Germany has raised the quality levels with oaked & unoaked</li>
<li>Wines:
<ul>
<li>Pale ruby in colour</li>
<li>Red berry fruits, raspberry, strawberry, earthy, leather</li>
<li>Develops smoky notes with age</li>
<li>Unoaked/oaked styles</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Lighter style vs. Burgundy</li>
<li>Domaine Mure and Domaine Albert Mann – best producers</li>
</ul>

120
Q

Praelatenberg location

A

Grand Cru

Kintzheim commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

121
Q

Prescribed minimum sugar levesl for Alsace Sélection de Grains Noble

A

276 grams per liter for Muscat and Riesling

306 grams per liter for Pinot Gris and Gewurtztraminer

122
Q

Prescribed minimum sugar levesl for Alsace Vendanges Tardives

A

235 grams per liter for Muscat and Riesling

257 grams per liter for Pinot Gris and Gewurtztraminer

123
Q

Proportion of Alsace Grand Cru vineyards in Bas-Rhin

A

< 1/3

124
Q

Proportion of Alsace Grand Cru vineyards in Haut-Rhin

A

> 2/3

125
Q

Rangen location

A

Grand Cru

Thann and Vieux-Thann communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

126
Q

<p>Riesling - no 1 in Alsace - give detais on the varietal and the wines produced</p>

A

<p><strong>RIESLING – most planted white: >21% of total plantings</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Cold-hardy variety</li>
<li>Late budding; providing protection against frosts</li>
<li>Needs full exposure to sun; good drainage; long growing season to ripen fully</li>
<li>Can produce very good quality at 70hl/ha</li>
<li>Good resistance to Downy mildew; Powdery mildew; Botrytis bunch rot</li>
<li>Medium to Pronounced Aromas; Unoaked & High Acidity</li>
<li>Alsace Style:
<ul>
<li>Dry; (no RS or very low not evident on palate because of high Acidity);</li>
<li>Medium to Full Body;</li>
<li>Medium to High Acidity;</li>
<li>Citrus (lemon, grapefruit); Stone fruit(peach); with pronounced steely character</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Planted in Alsace since 15th century</li>
<li>Expressive grape; hi quality potential; hardy & versatile; ageing potential Alsace: most planted; terroir;</li>
<li>Fuller, drier & more mineral vs. German Rieslings</li>
<li>Used in Selection de grains noble and Vendange Tardive</li>
<li>Bone dry, floral aromas, develops complex gunflint, mineral while retaining fruit flavours w age</li>
<li>Best in Wolxheim, Dambach la ville & Scherwiller</li>
</ul>

127
Q

<p>Riesling is the \_\_ noble variety to ripen in Alsace.</p>

A

<p>Last</p>

128
Q

<p>Riesling is the \_\_ noble variety to ripen in Alsace.</p>

A

<p>Last</p>

129
Q

Rosacker location

A

Grand Cru

Hunawihr commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

130
Q

Saering location

A

Grand Cru

Guebwiller commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

131
Q

<p>Schlossberg Grand Cru is ?</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>Schlossberg Grand Cru</strong>

<ul>
<li>Famous vineyard</li>
<li>Predominantly Riesling grown here</li>
<li>Granite based soils with a southerly aspect</li>
<li>The first ‘lieu-dit’ to be named a Grand Cru</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

132
Q

Schlossberg location

A

Grand Cru

Kayserberg and Kientzheim communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

133
Q

Schoenenbourg location

A

Grand Cru

Riquewihr and Zellenberg communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

134
Q

<p>Selection de grains noble?</p>

A

<p><strong><u>SGN (selection de grains noble):</u></strong></p>

<ul>
<li>4 noble grapes.</li>
<li>MUST BE Botrytis affected & sweet</li>
<li>Produced in outstanding vintages.</li>
<li>CHAPTALIZATION FORBIDDEN.
<ul>
<li>Riesling and Muscat: Potential alc. 276g/l res. sugar</li>
<li>Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer: 306g/l res. sugar.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

135
Q

<p>Selection de grains noble?</p>

A

<p><strong><u>SGN (selection de grains noble):</u></strong></p>

<ul>
<li>4 noble grapes.</li>
<li>MUST BE Botrytis affected & sweet</li>
<li>Produced in outstanding vintages.</li>
<li>CHAPTALIZATION FORBIDDEN.
<ul>
<li>Riesling and Muscat: Potential alc. 276g/l res. sugar</li>
<li>Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer: 306g/l res. sugar.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

136
Q

Sommerberg location

A

Grand Cru

Niedermorschwihr and Katzenthal communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

137
Q

Sonnenglanz location

A

Grand Cru

Beblenheim commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

138
Q

Spiegel location

A

Grand Cru

Bergholtz and Guebwiller communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

139
Q

Sporen location

A

Grand Cru

Riquewihr commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

140
Q

Steeper mountain slopes in Alsace soil composition

A

Schist

Granite

Volcanic Sediment

141
Q

Steinart location

A

Grand Cru

Pfaffenheim and Westhalten communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

142
Q

Steingrubler location

A

Grand Cru

Wettolsheim commune

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

143
Q

Steinklotz location

A

Grand Cru

Marlenheim commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

144
Q

Sweetness trend in Alsace

A

More Grands Crus have noticeable sweetness

Issue due to lack of sweetness labeling

145
Q

<p>Sylvaner?</p>

A

<p><strong>SYLVANER:</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Variety in decline in Alsace</li>
<li>Majority come from old vines (40 yrs)</li>
<li>Very little located on the valley floor</li>
<li>Gaining a reputation for good value wines of very good quality</li>
<li>Difficult to grow;</li>
<li>Wines:
<ul>
<li>slightly bitter w very firm acidity;</li>
<li>med alcohol and full bodied</li>
<li>drink young – can be a bit dull in flavour</li>
<li>best in hot vintages</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Zotzenberg Grand Cru – allows Sylvaner</li>
</ul>

146
Q

<p>The 4 noble grapes are ?</p>

A

<p><strong>4 noble grapes</strong>:</p>

<ul>
<li>Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Muscat (Aromatic); Pinot Gris (less Aromatic)</li>
<li>Noble grapes are permitted varieties for Grand Cru</li>
<li>Wine styles - Vendange tardive; Selection de grains nobles are allowed</li>
</ul>

147
Q

<p>The Alsace AOC will a very important part of production - how much % is it of production?</p>

<p>Where is it generally grown?</p>

<p>Labelling is normally ?</p>

A

<p><strong>Alsace AOC</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>67% of wine production</li>
<li>grown mainly on the fertile plains</li>
<li>Single varietally labelled is normal and 100% of that varietal</li>
<li>Chaptalisation allowed within EU Rules</li>
<li>Blends:
<ul>
<li>Edelzwicker (can be a blend of any of the white varietals, generally considered to be of lower quality)</li>
<li>Gentil (using 50% Noble varietals – and the wines is deemed a superior designation and each wine used must be of AOC status)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Max yield 80hl/ha whites – can lead to low flavour concentration wines</li>
<li>Alsace Pinot Noir AOC: 60hl/ha maximum yield</li>
</ul>

148
Q

<p>The Alsace Grand Cru system has had crticism for what reasons?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Created in 1975</li>
<li>Two many Grand Cru vineyards – 51!</li>
<li>the size of the vineyards – people don’t believe that the vineyard area can all be Grand Cru</li>
<li>Yields allowed are too high for GC</li>
<li>lack of Premier Cru designation</li>
<li>Producers like Trimbach & Hugel have who initially rejected the GC label have started using it again</li>
</ul>

149
Q

<p>The Cotes de Toul AOP produces red, white and rosé wines.</p>

<p>What are they made from?</p>

A

<p>Reds: Pinot Noir</p>

<p>Whites: Auxerrois and Aubin</p>

<p>Rosé: Gamay and Pinot Noir</p>

150
Q

<p>The Moselle AOP produces wines from 1 red varietal and 3 white varietals.</p>

A

<p>-Pinot Noir</p>

<p>-Auxerrois, Müller-Thurgau, Pinot Gris</p>

151
Q

Traditional Alsace oak use

A

In ~100 year old barrels

Tartrate deposits on inside

152
Q

<p>Trimbach Vendage Tardive is associated with which wine/vineyard area? </p>

A

<p>Alsace</p>

153
Q

<p>Typically, how is oak used in the vinification of Alsatian wines?</p>

A

<p>Neutral casks often used for fermentation/aging.</p>

<p>Little/no use of new oak.</p>

154
Q

Under which AOP(s) are wines allowed to be labelled Vendanges Tardives and Sélection de Grains Nobles?

A

Alsace AOP

Alsace Grand Cru AOP

155
Q

<p>Vendange Tardive - describe what this is and what is allowed</p>

A

<p><strong>Vendange Tardive (late harvest): </strong></p>

<ul>
<li>4 noble grapes. Overripe grapes / late harvest.</li>
<li>CHAPTALISATION FORBIDDEN.</li>
<li>Min sugar levels at harvest if fermented dry is 14-15%ABV</li>
<li>NOT REQUIRED to be botrytis affected or sweet!
<ul>
<li>Riesling and Muscat: Potential alc. 235g/l res. sugar</li>
<li>Pinot Gris: Potential alc. 257g/l res. sugar.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

156
Q

<p>Viticulture in Alsace - training methods used, density of plantings, main hazards?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Single or Double Guyot (cane pruning), required by AOC regulations</li>
<li>Fruit zone typically trained higher than other regions at 1-1.2m to reduce risk from frost& humidity (due to regular but low level of rain)</li>
<li>Canopies higher; up to 1.9m maximizing exposure to sun</li>
<li>Mechanization in plains, hand work on steep slopes; denser plantings on slopes</li>
<li>Spacing between rows wider to avoid shading</li>
<li>Long autumn and long harvest (Sept-Nov).</li>
<li>Dense plantings: 4400-4800 vines/ha.</li>
<li>Mechanization in plains, hand work on steep slopes.</li>
<li>Terracing on steepest slopes as in some grand cru sites</li>
<li>Hazards: Pests, Powdery Mildew, grape vine Moth, Esca (lately)</li>
<li>Low rainfall reducing fungal disease</li>
<li>15% Organic vineyards – nationally the average is 10%</li>
</ul>

157
Q

Vorbourg location

A

Grand Cru

Rouffach and Westhalten communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

158
Q

Vosges mountain significance

A

Rain shadow

Shield Alsace from rain to the west

Makes Alsace one of the driest and sunniest regions in France

159
Q

<p>What 3 factors have engendered controversy regarding the Alsace Grand Cru system?</p>

A

<p>-Rapid development.</p>

<p>- size of the Grand Crus - 6% of vineyard area!</p>

<p>- number of Grand Crus - 51</p>

<p>-Lack of intermediary Premier Cru tier.</p>

160
Q

<p>What are Alsatian synonyms for:</p>

<p>Pinot Blanc</p>

<p>Chassenas</p>

A

<p>Pinot Blanc = Klevner</p>

<p>Chassenas = Gutedel</p>

161
Q

<p>What 2 labeling terms are used for blended Alsace wines and what is the difference between them?</p>

A

<p>'Edelzwicker' and'Gentil'.</p>

<p>"Gentil" is the superior denomination, must be made from 50% noble varietals with each wine used being of AOC standard</p>

<p>"Edelzwicker" can be a blend of any grapes, does not need to list vintage or grapes used, inexpensive blended wine.</p>

162
Q

<p>What are the 2 AOPs of the Lorraine region?</p>

A

<p>CotesdeToul AOP</p>

<p>Moselle AOP</p>

163
Q

<p>What are the 2kinds of Muscat grown in Alsace, and which one is used for the best wines?</p>

A

<p>Muscat Blanc/Roséa Petits Grains (used for the best wines.)</p>

<p>Muscat Ottonel.</p>

<p></p>

164
Q

<p>What are the 4 grapes permitted in Grand Cru Alsace wines?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>-Riesling -Muscat -Gewurtztraminer -Pinot Gris</p>

165
Q

<p>What are the four noble grape varieties of Alsace?</p>

<p>What other white/red grapes are grown there?</p>

A

<p>Riesling, Muscat, Gewurztraminer and Pinot Gris.</p>

<p>Also: Pinot Blanc, Sylvaner, Pinot Noir</p>

166
Q

<p>How do Alsatian rieslings compare to German reislings?</p>

A

<p>Alsatian rieslings are characteristically dry, more powerful and higher in alcohol, with pronounced acidity and minerality.</p>

167
Q

<p>What are the key characteristics of Alsatian Gewurtztraminer?</p>

A

<p>Perfumed, sweet spices, tropical fruit.</p>

<p>Low acidity, high alcohol, likely to be off-dry.</p>

168
Q

<p>What are the key characteristics of Muscat?</p>

A

<p>Light to medium body</p>

<p>Mediumalcohol</p>

<p>Low to medium acidity</p>

<p>Intensely aromatic, floral and grapey.</p>

169
Q

<p>What are the key characteristics of AlsatianPinot Gris?</p>

A

<p>Full bodied</p>

<p>Medium to High in alcohol</p>

<p>Medium acidity</p>

<p>Spicy, smoky qualities.</p>

<p></p>

170
Q

<p>What are the max yields per Ha. in Alsace.</p>

<p>Clue they vary by white wine but not by Rose or Red</p>

A

<p>Whites</p>

<p>Alsace AOC 80 hL/Ha, Alsace AOC + Bergheim (13) 72 hL/Ha</p>

<p>Alsace AOC + lieu dit 68 hL/Ha, Grand Cru 55 hL/Ha.</p>

<p>Rose</p>

<p>75 hL/Ha</p>

<p>Red 60 hL/Ha</p>

<p></p>

171
Q

<p>What are the smallest and largest Alsatian Grands Crus?</p>

A

<p>Smallest: Kanzlerberg</p>

<p>Largest: Schlossberg</p>

172
Q

<p>What are the two principal appelations of Alsace?</p>

A

<p>Alsace and Alsace Grand Cru</p>

173
Q

<p>What are "Trives Successives"?</p>

A

<p>Harvesting in successive passes of the vineyard, picking the ripest berries/those affected by Botrytis each time.</p>

174
Q

<p>What characteristics do VT wines and SGN wines emphasize?</p>

A

<p>Vendanges Tardives wines emphasize varietal purity over Botrytis flavors.</p>

<p>SGN wines supress varietal characteristics in favor of Botrytis complexities.</p>

175
Q

What does a wine labelled “Pinot” indicate in Alsace?

A

The wine is a blend comprised of any porportion of:

Pinot Noir

Pinot Blanc

Pinot Gris

Auxerrois

176
Q

What does Edelzwicker translate to in English?

A

Noble mixture

177
Q

What does the label Edelzwicker indicate on an Alsatian wine?

A

An inexpensive blended wine

178
Q

What does the label Gentil indicate on an Alsatian wine?

A

That a blended wine contains at least 50% noble varieties

179
Q

<p>What does 'Vendages Tardives' (VT) mean?</p>

A

<p>Late harvest. May be affected by Botrytis. Rich, full-bodied but not always sweet.</p>

180
Q

<p>What effect do the Vosges Mountains have on Alsace?</p>

<p>6 specific effects this has on the vineyards/the wines produced from them:</p>

A

<p>A rain shadow effect protecting the vineyards from harsh, rainy weather from N. France/ the Atlantic.</p>

<p>1. Drier Climate</p>

<p>2. More sunshine</p>

<p>3. Long growing season</p>

<p>4. Riper grapes</p>

<p>5. Higher alcohol potential</p>

<p>6. Fuller-bodied wines</p>

181
Q

<p>What is Grés de Vosges?</p>

A

<p>A local pink sandstone soil found in Alsace.</p>

182
Q

<p>What is 'Selection de Grains Nobles' (SGN)?</p>

<p>How often and in what kinds of quantities are these wines made?</p>

A

<p>Wines from Alsace that are always affected by Botrytis.</p>

<p>Made in very small quantities, only in vintages when growing conditions are conducive to production.</p>

183
Q

<p>What is the approach to ferment temperatures in Alsace white wine making?</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>Ferment temperature</strong></li>
<li>Cool ferment used for Muscat, Riesling, Sylvaner</li>
<li>Mid-range temps more likely used for Gewurztraminer
<ul>
<li>pronounced aromas not affected by slightly higher temps</li>
<li>slightly higher temp is desirable so can ferment to reach higher alcohol levels</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>very low ferment temps avoided to avoid banana aromas</li>
</ul>

184
Q

<p>What is the capital of Alsace?</p>

A

<p>Strasbourg.</p>

185
Q

<p>What is the capital of the Haut-Rhin Department?</p>

A

<p>Colmar</p>

186
Q

<p>What is the climate in Alsace?</p>

<p>What factors contribute to its climate?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>CoolContinental due to northerly latitude.</p>

<p>Dry, Sunny Summers due to rain shadow from Vosges.</p>

<p>One of the driest regions in France</p>

187
Q

<p>What is the most planted grape in Alsace?</p>

A

<p>Riesling</p>

188
Q

<p>What is the name of the river on the eastern side of Alsace?</p>

A

<p>the Rhine</p>

189
Q

<p>What labeling device does the Alsatian producer Zind-Humbrecht use to help guide consumers?</p>

A

<p>A Sweetness Index that indicates the level of residual sugar.</p>

<p>Wines range from 1 (Least sweet, most dry) to 5 (Sweetest)</p>

190
Q

What percentage of a varietal must be included in an Alsace AOP wine to be varietally lablled? What is the exception?

A

100%

Pinot Blanc is allowed to be blended with Auxerrois and still be labelled Pinot Blanc

191
Q

<p>What percentage of Alsace AOC wines are white?</p>

A

<p>90%</p>

192
Q

<p>What role do the soils play in the style of the wines?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Plains: deeper, more fertile; more growth - less concentration and flavour in the grapes</li>
<li>On hillsides: lower fertility; better draining, promoting slower growth; better quality
<ul>
<li>Heavy clay and marl = broad flavours and weight</li>
<li>Limestone and sand=Elegance and finesse</li>
<li>Flint and schist = Flinty aromas</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

193
Q

<p>What year was the first Alsace Grand Cru status given and what is the vineyard?</p>

A

<p>1975</p>

<p>Schlossberg</p>

194
Q

When was Alsace Grand Cru AOP established?

A

1975

195
Q

When was the second group of Grands Crus establised in Alsace? How many were included?

A

1983

24 vineyards

196
Q

When was the third group of Grands Crus establised in Alsace? How many were included?

A

1992

25 vineyards

197
Q

When were Vendanges Tardives and Sélection de Grains Nobles designations authorized in Alsace?

A

1984

198
Q

<p>Where are most Grand Crus?</p>

A

<p>Haut Rhin - the higher and southern end of Alsace</p>

199
Q

<p>What are the 2 main divisions of Alsace,where are the best vineyards in Alsace located and why are they considered higher quality?</p>

A

<p>-The Bas-Rhin to the north, lower quality vineyards due to lower elevation and less protection from Vosges.</p>

<p>-Haut-Rhin to the south, higher quality vineyards due to higher elevation, more protection from Vosges.</p>

200
Q

<p>Where does Marcel Deiss produce wine and what is he known for?</p>

A

<p>Alsace.</p>

<p>Known for advocating field blends as the best approach for serious wines and for representing Alsatian terroir.</p>

201
Q

<p>Which division contains more vineyards, the Bas-Rhin or Haut-Rhin?</p>

A

<p>Haut-Rhin, over 2 thirds.</p>

202
Q

<p>Which is the only red grape permitted in Alsace?</p>

A

<p>Pinot Noir</p>

203
Q

<p>Which French wine region has traditionally put the grape variety on the front label?</p>

A

<p>Alsace</p>

204
Q

<p>Which major region was the last to receive AOC status in France?</p>

A

<p>Alsace</p>

205
Q

<p>Who produces Riesling "Clos-Ste-Hune"?</p>

A

<p>Trimbach</p>

206
Q

<p>Who produces this wine?</p>

A

<p>Domaine Weinbach.</p>

207
Q

Why Muscat Ottonel planted more than Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains Alsace

A

Less rot and poor fruit set

208
Q

Wiebelsberg location

A

Grand Cru

Andlau commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

209
Q

Wineck-Schlossberg location

A

Grand Cru

Katzenthal and Ammerschwihr communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

210
Q

Winzenberg location

A

Grand Cru

Blienschwiller commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

211
Q

Zinnkoepflé location

A

Grand Cru

Soultzmatt and Westhalten communes

Haut-Rhin

Alsace

212
Q

Zotzenberg location

A

Grand Cru

Mittelbergheim commune

Bas-Rhin

Alsace

213
Q

When did Alsace achieve AOC status?

A

1962 (Last major French winegrowing region to do so);

D3 - Wines of the World (superset) (144 decks)

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