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D3 - Wines of the World (superset) > Burgundy - General > Flashcards

Burgundy - General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the English translation of Côte d’Or?

A

Golden slope

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2
Q

What are the two subregions of the Côte d’Or (from north to south)?

A

Côtes de Nuits

Côtes de Beaune

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3
Q

What is the average width of any given section of the Côtes d’Or?

A

Approximately 1 km

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4
Q

What is the latitude range in which Burgundy is located?

A

46-48

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5
Q

What is the general climate type of Burgundy?

A

Continental to semi-continental

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6
Q

What was Burgundy’s average annual rainfall from 1980-2009?

A

750mm

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7
Q

What is the average number of sunlight hours in Burgundy’s growing season?

A

1,300 hours

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8
Q

What is the average July/August temperature in Burgundy?

A

20℃

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9
Q

How many degrees warmer are the southern Mâconnais and Beaujolais compared to the Côte d’Or on average?

A

1-2℃

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10
Q

What are the grape varietals allowed in Burgundy?

A

4 red:

  • Pinot Noir
  • Gamay
  • César
  • Tressot

6 white:

  • Chardonnay
  • Aligoté
  • Sauvingon Blanc
  • Pinot Blanc
  • Pinot Gris (Pinot Beurot)
  • Sacy
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11
Q

What are the three rare grape varietals found in the Yonne départment?

A

César (red)

Tressot (red)

Sacy (white)

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12
Q

What is the primary red and white grape varietal in Burgundy?

A

Red: Pinot Noir

White: Chardonnay

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13
Q

What is Pinot Gris referred to in Burgundy?

A

Pinot Beurot

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14
Q

What is the AOP in Burgundy where Sauvignon Blanc is planted?

A

Saint-Bris AOP (in the Yonne Départment)

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15
Q

In which commune is Aligoté primarily found in Burgundy?

A

Bouzeron (in Côte Chalonnaise)

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16
Q

In which region of Burgundy is Gamay primarily grown?

A

Beaujolais

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17
Q

Approximately how many appelations are found in Burgundy?

A

Nearly 100

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18
Q

What are the tiers of Burgundy’s appelation hierarchy from best to worst?

A

Grand Cru

Premier Cru

Village

Régionale

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19
Q

What percent of wines from Burgundy are classified as régionale?

A

Approximately 50%

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20
Q

What percent of wines from Burgundy are classified as Grand Cru?

A

Approximately 2%

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21
Q

Is premier cru a seperate classification of AOP?

A

No. It is a legally defined geographic designation for village AOP wines.

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22
Q

What is the baseline regional appellation for the entire Burgundy winegrowing region?

A

Bourgogne AOP

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23
Q

What colors of wine can be produced as Bourgogne AOP?

A

Red

White

Rose

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24
Q

What is the main difference between red wines labelled as Bourgogne AOP and Coteaux Bourguignons AOP?

A

Gamay is allowed to be used in Coteaux Bourgiugnons AOP but not Bourgogne AOP (as of 2011)

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25
What are the names of the four lieux-dits of Bourgogne AOP?
La Chapelle Notre Dame Le Chapitre Côte St-Jacques Montrecul
26
Where are grapes from Bourgogne Hautes Côtes de Nuits and Bourgogne Hautes Côtes de Beaune sourced from?
Scattered vineyards in the low mountains just west of the more prestigious Côte d'Or village appellations
27
Where are Côtes de Beaune-Villages AOP and Côtes de Nuits-Villages AOP located?
Côte d'Or
28
What color(s) of wine can be made in Côte de Beaune-Villages AOP?
Red
29
Where may grapes in Côte de Beaune-Villages AOP wines be sourced from?
Any villages in Côte de Beaune except for: Pommard Volnay Aloxe-Corton Beaune
30
What color(s) of wine can be made in Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP?
Red and white (white is rare)
31
Where may grapes in Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP wines be sourced from?
Fixin Brochon Prissey Corgoloin Comblanchien
32
What grape varetial is allowed in Bourgogne Aligoté AOP?
Aligoté
33
What is the general description of Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP?
Red and rose wines modelled on historical field blends
34
What are the grape blend requirements for Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP wines?
Minimum 30% Pinot Noir Minimum 15% Gamay Maximum 15% of Chardonnay/Pinot Blanc/Pinot Gris
35
What are the two sparkling wine AOPs of Burgundy?
Crémant de Bourgogne AOP Bourgogne Mousseux AOP
36
What is the general description of Bourgogne Mousseux AOP?
An older and rare appellation used only for sparkling reds produced by méthode tradicional
37
What is the general description of Crémant de Bourgogne AOP?
Hand-harvested méthode tradicional white and rosé sparkling wines
38
What grape(s) are typically used in the production of Crémant de Bourgogne AOP wines?
Chardonnay Pinot Noir
39
Approximately how many hectares in Burgundy are declared for sparkling wine production?
Approximately 2,000 hectares (1/14 of Burgundy's total planting)
40
Which commune is the production of Crémant de Bourgogne AOP centered around?
Rully
41
What is a vineyard under single ownership called?
Monopole
42
Can a premier cru wine be made with grapes from different parcels within the same premier cru area?
Yes
43
How many Grand Cru vineyards are in the Côte d'Or?
32
44
What is the smallest Grand Cru AOP in the Côte d'Or? How big is it?
La Romaneé - 0.85 hectares. Also the smallest AOP in France
45
What is the largest Grand Cru AOP in the Côte d'Or? How big is it?
Corton - 160 hectares
46
How do crus differ in Beaujolais versus the rest of Burgundy?
Rather than referring to a village or vineyard a Beaujolais cru refers to a commune appellation
47
How many crus Beaujolais exist?
10
48
What is the significance of the D974?
This is the national highway to the West of which most village vineyards, all but one premier cru vineyard and (in the Côte d'Or) all Grand Cru appellations are found
49
What did the D974 used to be called?
Route Nationale 74 - RN74
50
What is a climat in Burgundy?
A parcel of vines defined and named to be associated with the wines it produces. Essentially a vineyard. Also (in Burgundy) refers to the terroir.
51
How many registered climats are found in Burgundy?
Over 1,200
52
What is a lieu-dit in Burgundy?
A named single vineyard that forms one contiguous parcel within a single commune
53
What is a parcel in Burgundy?
A single and contiguous holding within a vineyard that is owned entirely by one grower
54
What is a clos?
A vineyard that is or was enclosed by a stone wall
55
What are the régionale AOPs of Burgundy?
Bourgogne AOP Coteaux Bourguignons AOP Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP Bourgogne Aligoté AOP Côtes de Beaune-Villages AOP Côtes de Nuits-Villages AOP Crémant de Bourgogne AOP Bourgogne Mousseux AOP
56
What are the IGP areas of Burgundy?
Yonne IGP Coteaux de l'Auxois IGP Sainte-Marie-La-Blanche IGP Comtés Rhodaniens IGP Saône-et-Loire IGP
57
Approximately how many years ago did winemaking begin in Burgundy?
Over 2,000 years ago
58
When and where did phylloxera first hit the Côte d'Or?
Meursault in 1878
59
When were the Appellation d'Origine laws passed?
1919
60
What is coupage and how did the Appellation d'Origine laws affect it?
Coupage is the practice of labelling a wine based solely on taste profile rather than where the wine was produced. The Appellation d'Origine laws mandated that wines be labelled based on their area of production thus ending coupage in Burgundy and soon after France
61
When was the first Appellation d'Origine Contrôlee introduced?
1936 and 1937
62
When was the first premier cru designated in Burgundy?
1942
63
In which decade were Chablis' first premieres crus designated?
1960s
64
What does fermage mean in Burgundy?
A fermage is a piece of land which is owned by someone other than the person cultivating it: a farming tenancy, in effect.  In 2010, two-thirds of all French agricultural land was tenant-farmed.
65
What does métayage mean in Burgundy?
Sharecropping, the grower pays the landlord in kind, with grapes – usually two-thirds to the grower and one-third to the landlord.
66
What are two main contributors to vineyard ownership fragmentation in Burgundy?
1. Public auctions of church and aristocratic lands during the French Revolution 2. Napoleonic Code's law of equal inheritance
67
What is a domaine in Burgundy?
Property of a winegrower who produces wines from the parcels they own
68
What is a negociant in Burgundy?
Merchants that purchase fruit, must or wines from others and bottle the finished product under their own label
69
What percent of Burgundy wines are sold by négociants?
Approximately 60%
70
How many domaines (as of 2013) were there in Burgundy (excluding Beaujolais)?
3,949
71
When did phylloxera first hit Beaujolais?
1874
72
When did phylloxera first hit Meursault?
1878
73
When did phylloxera first hit Chablis?
1887
74
In which direction do most vineyard rows run in the Côte d'Or? What are three notable exceptions?
Most run east-west. Exceptions: - Clos de Tart - Clos des Lambrays - La Romanée
75
What is Côte d'Or AOP's minimum planting density?
9,000 plants per hectare
76
What is Chablis AOP's minimum planting density?
5,500 plants per hectare
77
What is the typical plant spacing range in Chablis?
1.5 - 1.65 metres
78
What is Beaujolais crus' minimum planting density?
6,000 plants per hectare
79
How prevalent is biodynamic viticulture in Burgundy? Who are some famous proponents?
It is gaining in popularity since first being used in 1979. Proponents: - Domaine Leflaive - Domaine Leroy - Domaine de la Romanée-Conti
80
How does the use of new oak change depending on wine quality in Burgundy?
New oak use generally increases as quality levels increase
81
What appellation did Coteaux Bourguignons AOP replace and when?
Bourgogne Grande Ordinaire in 2011
82
What is Bourgogne Gamay AOP and when was it created?
Sub-section of Bourgogne AOP Only for Gamay-based wines from Beaujolais crus
83
What is the difference between Bourgogne Gamay AOP and Coteaux Bourguignons AOP?
Bourgogne Gamay AOP is a varietal Gamay from a Beaujolais cru Coteaux Bourguignons can be a Gamay/Pinot Noir blend (along with some others) and can come from anywhere in Burgundy
84
What is the encépagement of Bourgogne Blanc AOP?
100% Chardonnay (Aligoté planted before November 2004 can be used until 2024)

D3 - Wines of the World (superset) (144 decks)

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