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D3 - Wines of the World (superset) > Chile > Flashcards

Chile Flashcards

1
Q

What is País?

A

Chilean name for Mission Grape

Was Chile’s most planted grape until the 21st century

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2
Q

What mountain range separates Chile from the rest of South America?

A

Andes

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3
Q

What is Atacama?

A

A Denominacion di Origen (Region Vitícola) in Chile

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4
Q

What is Aconcagua?

A

A Denominacion di Origen (Region Vitícola) in Chile

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5
Q

What is the Valle Central?

A

A Denominacion di Origen (Region Vitícola) in Chile

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6
Q

What is Sur?

A

A Denominacion di Origen (Region Vitícola) in Chile

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7
Q

What is Austral?

A

A Denominacion di Origen (Region Vitícola) in Chile

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8
Q

What is Coquimbo?

A

A Denominacion di Origen (Region Vitícola) in Chile

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9
Q

What is the climate of Northern Chile?

A

Dry and desert-like

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10
Q

What is the climate of Atacama?

A

Dry and desert-like

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11
Q

When was Chilean wine law established?

A

1995

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12
Q

What is the 75% rule in Chile?

A

Vintage: varietal: and DO labels must have 75%

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13
Q

Are hybrid grapes allowed in Chile?

A

No

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14
Q

What is the minimum ABV of Chilean wine?

A

11.5%

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15
Q

What does Reserva mean in Chile?

A

Minimum 12% ABV

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16
Q

What does Reserva Especial mean in Chile?

A

Minimum 12% ABV

Vague oak aging

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17
Q

What does Reserva Privada mean in Chile?

A

Minimum 12.5% ABV

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18
Q

What does Gran Reserva mean in Chile?

A

Minimum 12.5% ABV

Vague oak aging

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19
Q

What is the northern most wine region in Chile?

A

Atacama DO

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20
Q

What does Costa mean in Chile?

A

Proximity to Pacific Ocean coast

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21
Q

What does Entre Cordilleras mean in Chile?

A

Between coast and Andes

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22
Q

What does Andes mean in Chile?

A

Proximity to Andes

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23
Q

General Chile climate

A

Warm Mediterranean

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24
Q

Fungal disease Chile

A

Low risk due to dry and sunny growing season

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25
Q

El niño/La niña Chile

A

El niño can cause dramatic rain increases

La niña can cause drought

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26
Q

Approaches to grape growing Chile

A

Sustainable and organic are widely practiced by both large and small estates

Due to promotion by well-respected winemakers and state

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27
Q

Cooling influences Chile

A

Humboldt Current (from Antarctica, blows inland along river valleys). Strongest where coastal mountains are lowest and valleys near Pacific

Cold air from Andes (descends into foothills at night, causes large diurnal range)

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28
Q

Most planted grape Chile

A

Cabernet Sauvignon (often blended with Merlot, Carmenère, or Syrah)

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29
Q

Chile’s signature grape variety

A

Carmenère

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30
Q

Primary white grapes Chile

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Chardonnay

Muscat of Alexandria (mostly for Pisco)

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31
Q

Muscat of Alexandria use Chile

A

Mostly for Pisco

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32
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate in Cachapoal Valley?</p>

A

<p>Warm, surrounded by mountains, no ocean influence</p>

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33
Q

<p>What is a constraint to grape growing in Coquimbo Region?</p>

A

<p>Irrigation is essential but very expensive due to lack of water resources.</p>

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34
Q

<p>The DO hierarchy?</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>The hierarchy is:</strong>

~~~
<ul>
<li>Region</li>
<li>Sub-region</li>
<li>Zone</li>
<li>Area</li>
<li>Example is Central Valley region (DO), Rapel Valley, Colchagua, Apalta</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

~~~

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35
Q

<p>Chile is a very long country and its vineyards run from 30 degrees south to 38 degrees south - but its climate is broadly similar across this area - what is it and describe it</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Despite covering 8 degrees of latitude the vineyard areas have a similar climate
<ul>
<li>Mediterranean climate;</li>
<li>Long, dry and sunny growing season</li>
<li>But it gets cooler and wetter further south</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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36
Q

<p>What 2 black and 2 white grapes do well in Casablanca Valley and San Antonio Valley?</p>

A

<p>Syrah / Pinot Noir</p>

<p>Sauvignon Blanc / Chardonnay</p>

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37
Q

<p>Which Chilean grape variety used to be confused with Merlot?</p>

A

<p>Carmenere</p>

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38
Q

<p>What is the most widely grown grape variety in Chile?</p>

A

<p>Cabernet Sauvignon</p>

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39
Q

<p>What is the name of the national promotional body and what are its key aims?</p>

A 
<ul style="list-style-type:circle;">
	<li>Wines of Chile:
	<ul style="list-style-type:circle;">
		<li>focused on promotion of mid-priced super premium wines,</li>
		<li>encouraging image of Chile as a premium producer</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>
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40
Q

<p>What percentage of Chilean wine is exported?</p>

A

<p>70%</p>

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41
Q

<p>Which wine region near Santiago has the warmestclimate?</p>

A

<p>Maipo</p>

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42
Q

<p>What 1 white and 1 red wine would you expect from Elqui Valley?</p>

A

<p>Sauvignon Blanc and Syrah</p>

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43
Q

<p>80% of Chilean wine is made by just four wineries;name them.</p>

A 
<ul style="list-style-type:circle;">
	<li>80% of wine still produced by 4 companies:
	<ul style="list-style-type:circle;">
		<li>Concha y Toro</li>
		<li>Santa Rita</li>
		<li>Santa Carolina</li>
		<li>San Pedro (have wineries in Argentina)</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>
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44
Q

<p>What 3 things provides the cooling in Coastal areas and inside much of the Inland Mountain ranges?</p>

A

<p>1. The cold Humboldt Current flows up from Antarctica</p>

<p>2. Prevailing winds blow cool air inland along river valleys</p>

<p>3. Coastal areas can experience fog</p>

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45
Q

<p>Which Chilean winery produces "Casa Real?"</p>

<p>What grape is used?</p>

<p>What is the wine's DO?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Santa Rita</p>

<p>100% Cabernet Sauvignon</p>

<p>Maipo Valley DO</p>

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46
Q

<p>name the 6 main regional DOs</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>6 main regional DOs created: </strong>

~~~
<ul>
<li>Atacama</li>
<li>Coquimbo</li>
<li>Aconcagua</li>
<li>Central Valley</li>
<li>Southern</li>
<li>Austral was added later</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

~~~

<p>The DOs were divided along mainly political lines</p>

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47
Q

<p>What are the key export markets for Chile?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Exports:
<ul>
<li>China is biggest export market for Chilean wines</li>
<li>Followed by USA; Japan; UK and Brazil</li>
<li>South American nations, like Brazil are covered by an FTA</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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48
Q

<p>Chile is now in the \_\_\_\_ largestexporterof wine and the \_\_\_ largest producer.</p>

A

<p>4th / 7th</p>

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49
Q

<p>Introduced in 2012 what are the 3 new terms introduced to describe where a wine is from and what do they mean?</p>

A

<p>Costa = From near the coast</p>

<p>Entre Cordilleras = Between the (mountain) ranges</p>

<p>Andes = From the mountain area</p>

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50
Q

<p>Why did the Chilean government introduce extra designations for wine, on top of the DOs,such as Costa, Entre Cordilleras, Andes?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Most vineyards planted within valleys that run East to West
<ul>
<li>most climatic variation runs East to West</li>
<li>the Pacific Ocean influences the western end of the Valleys - Costa</li>
<li>the Andes provides some cooling influence on the eastern end of the valley</li>
<li>these cooling influences help to retain acidity and lengthen the growing season</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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51
Q

<p>Rapel Valley is subdivided into 2 zones, what are they?</p>

A

<p>Cachapoal Valley and Colchagua Valley</p>

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52
Q

<p>Carmenere can claim to be Chile's red varietal - describe the varietal and the wine made from it.</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>Carmenere:</strong>

<ul>
<li>Identified in 1994 (mistaken for Merlot)</li>
<li>Often used in blends with other Bordeaux varietals</li>
<li>Single varietal:
<ul>
<li>Good to very Good; Full body; High Tannin; Medium Acidity;</li>
<li>Ripe Blackberry, Bell pepper; Spicy, roasted coffee, or dark chocolate when oaked</li>
<li>Herbaceous characteristics – bell pepper and eucalyptus – can be overt if the fruit isn’t fully ripe</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Site selection important: ripens 2-3 weeks later than Merlot</li>
<li>need warm sunny sites or can be overly herbaceous with harsh Tannins</li>
<li>if picked when over ripe the wine can be overly alcoholic</li>
<li>research into clonal selection, site selection, harvesting dates with less extraction and new oak usage is seeing an evolution in Carmenere styles</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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53
Q

<p>Cooling influences to Chile's climate - clue - there are quite a few</p>

A

<p><strong>Cooling influences</strong>:</p>

<ul>
<li>Pacific coast & Andes provide significant cooling influence at either end of the valleys</li>
<li>Range of low mountains along a significant part of coast
<ul>
<li>Altitude:300-800m</li>
<li>along the coast,</li>
<li>a range of low mountains forming a barrier against coastal influence</li>
<li>areas west of mountains exposed to ocean influences</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Humboldt Current: </strong>
<ul>
<li>flows up from Antarctica bringing cool water hence cool air;</li>
<li>morning fog produced (warm air rises from land during day & this cool air is sucked inland);</li>
<li>moderating temps until burnt away by sun, increasing humidity</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Gaps in coastal ranges allow for fog & cool breezes to enter, moderating vineyards East of coastal ranges</li>
<li>Vineyards planted on slopes providing cooling influences with altitude & aspect</li>
<li>Vineyards planted in East
<ul>
<li>at near or foothills of Andes;</li>
<li>cool mountain air descends from Andes overnight;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<p>high diurnal range& altitude moderating temps</p>

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54
Q

<p>Almaviva Wineryis a joint project between:</p>

<p>What type of wine is produced?</p>

<p>Where are they located (sub-region / DO)?</p>

A

<p>Concha y Toro and Baron Philippe de Rothschild.</p>

<p>Cabernet Sauvignon-dominated blend, with Carmenére, Petit Verdot and Cabernet Franc.</p>

<p>Puente Alto DO / Maipo Valley / Central Valley</p>

<p></p>

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55
Q

<p>To qualify for DO status what criteria must a wine meet?</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>To Qualify for DO status</strong>

<ul>
<li>75% of grapes must come from that region; 85% if exported to the EU</li>
<li>Varietal claim must be75% of variety; 85% if exported to the EU</li>
<li>Do wines must have min 11.5% ABV</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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56
Q

<p>What grape has Leyda Valley gained an excellent reputation for growing?</p>

A

<p>Sauvignon Blanc</p>

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57
Q

<p>Which southern Chilean region is most focused on Pinot Noir production?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Bio Bio Valley</p>

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58
Q

<p>What is the white wine that makes Limari Valley stand out?</p>

A

<p>Chile's best Chardonnay</p>

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59
Q

<p>What are conditions like in Curicó Valley and Maule Valley and what is mainly grown there?</p>

A

<p>It's warm and the soils are fertile. Mainly grapes for bulk red and white blends, but Cabernet Sauvignon has become the star variety, producing full-bodied, intensely concentrated wines from ancient, low-yielding vines.</p>

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60
Q

<p>Where are the best vineyards in Maipo Valley located and what are they renowned for producing?</p>

<p>Many established houses are based due to:</p>

<p>3 major producers are:</p>

A

<p>Located in the Andean foothills</p>

<p>A reputation for producing Cabernet Sauvignon with a 'minty' character</p>

<p>Its proximity to Santiago.</p>

<p>Concha y Toro</p>

<p>Santa Rita</p>

<p>Cousiño Macul</p>

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61
Q

<p>Which Chilean winery is not only the largest in Chile, but also in the whole of South America?</p>

A

<p>Concha y Toro</p>

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62
Q

<p>What is the climate like in Chile's Southern region and which grapes perform well there?</p>

A

<p>Cooler and wetter the further south they are located.</p>

<p>País and Muscat of Alexandria are most planted</p>

<p>Pinot Noir andChardonnay are cultivated in tiny amounts in Malleco Valley.</p>

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63
Q

<p>What are the 2 sub-regions of Curicó?</p>

A

<p>Lontué and Teno</p>

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64
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate of Aconcagua Valley?</p>

A

<p>Differing by the three designations:</p>

<p>Costa Aconcagua Valley - cooling influence of ocean breezes and fog</p>

<p>Central (entre cordilleras) - warm and dry, 250mm, moderated by afternoon breezes</p>

<p>Aconcagua Andes - high diurnal range, warm sunny days, cool air from mountains at night</p>

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65
Q

<p>Which 3 sub regions make up Chile's Sur Region?</p>

A

<p>Itata Valley</p>

<p>Bio Bio Valley</p>

<p>Malleco Valley</p>

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66
Q

<p>Los Vascos winery is owned by which famous First Growth property in Bordeaux?</p>

A

<p>Chateau Lafite Rothschild</p>

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67
Q

<p>Which subregion of Coquimbohas lowest wine production?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Choapa Valley</p>

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68
Q

<p>What are the 4 sub regions (and 2 sub-sub-regions) of the Central Valley Region?</p>

A

<p>Maipo Valley</p>

<p>Rapel Valley - divided into Cachapoal and Colchagua</p>

<p>Curicó Valley</p>

<p>Maule Valley</p>

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69
Q

<p>Topographically, what are conditions like between the Coastal mountains and the Andes?</p>

A

<p>More sheltered. Large expanses of flat land that is easier to cultivate</p>

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70
Q

<p>Who produces "Clos Apalta?"</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Casa Lapostolle</p>

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71
Q

<p>The VIGNO association exists to preserve old vine \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in \_\_\_ Valley.</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Carignan / Maule</p>

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72
Q

<p>Concepción, Chile's 3rd largest city, is closest to what wine region?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Itata Valley</p>

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73
Q

<p>Identify 3 Chilean wineries that were founded in the 19th Century:</p>

A

<p>1. Concha y Toro</p>

<p>2. Cousiño Macul</p>

<p>3. Santa Rita</p>

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74
Q

<p>Which Chilean region lies directly across the Andes from Argentina's Mendoza?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Maipo Valley</p>

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75
Q

<p>What factors contribute to Casablanca Valley and San Antonio Valley being cooled?</p>

<p>What climate to they have?</p>

A

<p>They lie between the Pacific Ocean and the Coastal Mountains benefitting from morning fogs and afternoon winds from the Ocean.</p>

<p>Cool maritime climate</p>

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76
Q

<p>Wines indicating a DO region in Chile must contain what minimum percentage of a variety to include it on a label?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>75%</p>

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77
Q

<p>Working from North to South what are the 6main DO regions of Chile?</p>

A

<p>Atacama DO</p>

<p>Coquimbo DO</p>

<p>Aconcagua DO</p>

<p>Central Valley (Valle Central) DO</p>

<p>Sur DO</p>

<p>Austral DO</p>

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78
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate of Chile? What is the one risk of the climate?</p>

A

<p>Generally Warm Mediterranean</p>

<p>Dry, sunny, growing season = Grapes reliably ripen and low fungal risk.</p>

<p>RISK - Drought; in some places water is in short supply</p>

79
Q

<p>The winery of Errázuriz is located in which commune of which DO?</p>

<p>What is their claim to fame?</p>

<p>Which other top wine do they produce?</p>

A

<p>Panquehue.</p>

<p>Errázuriz’s “Seña,” an iconic Bordeaux-style blend and one of the premier reds of Chile, placed ahead of both Château Lafite and Château Margaux in the 2004 Berlin Tasting—a milestone for the Chilean wine industry likened to the famous 1976 Judgment of Paris.</p>

<p>"Viñedo Chadwick"</p>

80
Q

<p>How would you describe the 4 key geographical features of Chile?</p>

A

<p>1. To the West is the Pacific Ocean</p>

<p>2. Just inland are the Coastal Mountain Ranges</p>

<p>3. To the East are the Andes Mountains</p>

<p>4. South of Santiago is a large depression between the two mountain ranges called 'Central Valley'.</p>

81
Q

<p>What is the climate like in Cachapoal Valley and Colchagua Valley and what 4black grapes are largely grown there?</p>

A

<p>Cachapoal: Northerly warm area, cut off from ocean breezes.</p>

<p>Colchagua: More southerly, central part of valley is warm and open to some ocean influence.</p>

<p>Carmenére / Merloton warm valley floor Cab Sav and Syrah is cooler parts</p>

82
Q

<p>Apalta is a region on the \_\_\_\_side of \_\_\_\_Valley.</p>

<p>Identify 2 top producers from Apalta and their top wines.</p>

<p>What kinds of wines are these?</p>

A

<p>Eastern side of Colchagua Valley.</p>

<p>Casa Lapostolle’s “Clos Apalta”</p>

<p>Viña Montes “Alpha M”</p>

<p>Bordeaux-style blends</p>

83
Q

<p>Arrange the following regions from north to south (1 = northernmost, 5 = southernmost).</p>

<p>A.Casablanca Valley</p>

<p>B.Curicó Valley</p>

<p>C.Limarí Valley</p>

<p>D.Itata Valley</p>

<p>E.Maipo Valley</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>1. Limari Valley</p>

<p>2. Casablanca Valley</p>

<p>3. Maipo Valley</p>

<p>4. Curicó Valley</p>

<p>5. Itata Valley</p>

84
Q

<p>The DO regions in Chile can be subdivided and subdivided again, what are the terms for these subdivisions?</p>

A

<p>13 Sub Regions
then subdivided into
Zones</p>

85
Q

<p>The País grape is also known by which 3 synonyms?</p>

A

<p>Mission</p>

<p>Criolla Chica</p>

<p>Listan Prieto</p>

86
Q

<p>What weather is potentially associated with El Niño andLa Niña?</p>

A

<p>El Niño years - Rainfall can be very heavy</p>

<p>La Niña years - Drought may occur</p>

87
Q

<p>In which century were vines first planted in Chile?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>16th Century</p>

88
Q

<p>What it the term in Chile for Wines of Origin?</p>

A

<p>Denominaciones de Origen (DO)</p>

89
Q

<p>What provides the cooling in the Chilean foothills of the Andes?</p>

A

<p>Cold air descends from mountains overnight providing a large diurnal range.</p>

90
Q

<p>Which of these wine regions is the most southerly - Maipo, Limari, Bio Bio?</p>

A

<p>Bio Bio</p>

91
Q

<p>Until the 21st century, Chile was mostly planted to what grape?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>País</p>

92
Q

<p>What 3 sub regions make up Coquimbo Region and what contributes to them making good wine?</p>

A

<p>Elqui Valley, Limari Valley and Choapa Valley.</p>

<p>Brilliant sunshine and marked cooling from sea breezes or mountain air</p>

93
Q

<p>Carmenère is usually harvested after Cabernet Sauvignon.</p>

<p>Why is this?</p>

A

<p>Underripe Carmenere grapes produce wine with unpleasant, undesirable green flavors. Harvesting it later minimizes these green flavors and maximizes fruit notes.</p>

94
Q

<p>What 4 labelling terms can be seen on Chilean wines?</p>

<p>What do these terms indicate?</p>

A

<p>Reserva</p>

<p>Reserva Especial</p>

<p>Reserva Privada</p>

<p>Gran Reserva</p>

<p>Wines labeledReservaandReservaEspecialmust have a minimum 12% abv.</p>

<p>Wines labeledReservaPrivadaandGran Reservarequire a minimum 12.5% abv.</p>

<p>In addition,Reserva EspecialandGran Reservawines spend mandatory time in oak.</p>

95
Q

<p>Which region is developing a reputation for Old Bush Vine Carignan in Chile?</p>

A

<p>Maule Valley</p>

96
Q

<p>Between 1995 and 2015 the number of wineries in Chile grew from \_\_\_ to approximately\_\_\_\_.</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>12 to 340</p>

97
Q

<p>Viñedo Chadwick, Almaviva, and Concha y Toro's "Don Melchior" are all produced out of what Chilean subregion?</p>

A

<p>Maipo Valley</p>

98
Q

<p>What are growing conditions like in the Aconcagua Valley?</p>

<p>What 3 grapes would you find there?</p>

A

<p>The vineyards on the fertile valley floor are some of the warmest growing conditions in Chile.</p>

<p>Cabernet Sauvignon / Merlot / Carmenère</p>

99
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate of Casablanca and San Antonio Valleys?</p>

A

<p>Cool, between the sea and Coastal mountain ranges.</p>

100
Q

<p>What are the 3sub-regions of the Aconcagua Region and what is the renowned Zone within one of the subregions?</p>

A

<p>Aconcagua Valley</p>

<p>Casablanca Valley</p>

<p>San Antonio Valley containing Leyda Valley Zone</p>

101
Q

<p>What is Chile's most planted white grape?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Sauvignon Blanc</p>

102
Q

<p>Puente Alto is located in which Chilean region?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Maipo Valley</p>

103
Q

<p>Which famous Spanish wine family own extensive vineyards in Chile?</p>

A

<p>Miguel Torres</p>

104
Q

<p>What best describes a typical Camenére wine?</p>

A

<p>Chile's signature grape variety. Late-ripening, most successful in warmer areas.</p>

<p>Full-bodied, high tannin</p>

<p>Overtly herbaceous when not fully ripe, but good examples achieve a balance between herbal and black fruit.</p>

105
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate of Coquimbo region?</p>

<p>Where are some vineyards now being planted?</p>

A

<p>Brilliant sunshine with cooling influences from sea breezes and mountain air.</p>

<p>Some vineyards now planted at very high altitude.</p>

106
Q

<p>What is the largest growing region in Chile?</p>

A

<p>Central Valley (Valle Central DO)</p>

107
Q

<p>Montes, Neyen, and Lapostolle all call what DO zone home?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Colchagua Valley</p>

108
Q

<p>Which region is famed for its Carmenere?</p>

<p>Identify a top producer / wine made from Carmenere:</p>

A

<p>ColchaguaValley</p>

<p>Viña Montes' "Purple Angel"</p>

109
Q

<p>Arrange the following regions from north to south (1 = northernmost, 4 = southernmost).</p>

<p>A.Itata Valley</p>

<p>B.San Antonio Valley</p>

<p>C.Maule Valley</p>

<p>D.Bío Bío Valley</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>1. San Antonio Valley.</p>

<p>2. Maule Valley</p>

<p>3. Itata Valley</p>

<p>4. Bio BIo Valley</p>

110
Q

<p>What is Chile known for in both Red and White wines?</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>Reds</strong>: good value young wines from Cab Sauv, Carmenere & Merlot</li>
<li><strong>Whites</strong>: clean & well made Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blancs esp. in cooler areas (Casablanca & San Antonio)</li>
</ul>

111
Q

<p>Elqui Valley has a growing reputation for high quality \_\_\_\_.</p>

<p>Whatclimatic featurecontributes to its success?</p>

A

<p>Syrah</p>

<p>Cool, high-altitude vineyard sites.</p>

112
Q

<p>Limari Valley has a growing reputation for high quality \_\_\_\_.</p>

<p>What 2 climatic featurescontribute to its success?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Chardonnay.</p>

<p>Limestone soils / Cooler Coastal Climate</p>

113
Q

<p>What is special about Chilean grapevines and root stock?</p>

A

<p>Chile's vines are all ungrafted and phylloxera-free.</p>

114
Q

<p>Roughly speaking how would you describe the climate of Chile?</p>

A

<p>The climate of Chile is diverse but can be described generally as warm Mediterranean</p>

115
Q

<p>What are the labelling requirements for Chilean wine?</p>

A

<p>To Qualify for DO status</p>

<p>o 75% of grapes must come from that region; 85% if exported to the EU</p>

<p>o Varietal claim must be75% of variety; 85% if exported to the EU</p>

<p>o Do wines must have min 11.5% ABV</p>

116
Q

<p>Carmenere?</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>Carmenere:</strong>

<ul>
<li>Identified in 1994 (mistaken for Merlot)</li>
<li>Often used in blends with other Bordeaux varietals</li>
<li>Single varietal wines:
<ul>
<li>Good to very Good; Full body; High Tannin; Medium Acidity;</li>
<li>Ripe Blackberry, Bell pepper; Spicy, roasted coffee, or dark chocolate when oaked</li>
<li>Herbaceous characteristics – bell pepper and eucalyptus – can be overt if the fruit isn’t fully ripe</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Site selection important: ripens 2-3 weeks later than Merlot</li>
<li>need warm sunny sites or can be overly herbaceous with harsh Tannins</li>
<li>if picked when over ripe the wine can be overly alcoholic</li>
<li>research into clonal selection, site selection, harvesting dates with less extraction and new oak usage is seeing an evolution in Carmenere styles</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

117
Q

<p>Supply of water for irrigation comes from what soureces in Chile?</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>Supply of water</strong>:</li>
</ul>

<ol>
<li><strong>Irrigation</strong> in nearly 85%% of all vineyards because of low rainfall ;</li>
<li>Itata, Bio Bio, Maule can rely on rain & old vine root systems that survive drought</li>
<li>Melting snow from Andes by many river valleys</li>
<li>Aquifers via wells in regions like Casablanca where rivers not present</li>
<li>Climate change: rising temps; reduction of snowfall limiting access to water (Limari snow cover 15% less in 2018 than 2014)</li>
</ol>

118
Q

<p>The DO system was introduced into Chile in what year?</p>

<p>What are the main regional DOs?</p>

<p>what is the hierarchy of DO classification?</p>

A 
<ul style="list-style-type:circle;">
	<li>1995: System of Denominaciones de Origin (DOs)</li>
	<li><strong>6 main regional DOs created: </strong>
	<ul style="list-style-type:circle;">
		<li>Atacama</li>
		<li>Coquimbo</li>
		<li>Aconcagua</li>
		<li>Central Valley</li>
		<li>Southern</li>
		<li>Austral was added later</li>
		<li>The DOs were divided along mainly political lines</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li><strong>The hierarchy is:</strong>
	<ul style="list-style-type:circle;">
		<li>Region</li>
		<li>Sub-region</li>
		<li>Zone</li>
		<li>Area</li>
		<li>Example is Central Valley region (DO), Rapel Valley, Colchagua, Apalta</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<p></p>

119
Q

<p>in export terms what is Chile's performance like?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>4th largest exporter in the world</li>
<li>70% of wine exported</li>
<li>9.8 m hl/1.741 million euros in 2017</li>
<li>One of the lowest values per unit of volume – only Spain and South Africa are lower</li>
</ul>

120
Q

<p>Biggest export customers for Chilean wine?</p>

A

<p>China</p>

<p>followed by USA, Japan, UK and Brazil</p>

121
Q

<p>How would you describe the 4 key geographical features of Chile?</p>

A

<p>1. To the West is the Pacific Ocean</p>

<p>2. Just inland are the Coastal Mountain Ranges</p>

<p>3. To the East are the Andes Mountains</p>

<p>4. South of Santiago is a large depression between the two mountain ranges called 'Central Valley'.</p>

122
Q

<p>Apalta is a region on the \_\_\_\_side of \_\_\_\_Valley.</p>

<p>Identify 2 top producers from Apalta and their top wines.</p>

<p>What kinds of wines are these?</p>

A

<p>Eastern side of Colchagua Valley.</p>

<p>Casa Lapostolle’s “Clos Apalta”</p>

<p>Viña Montes “Alpha M”</p>

<p>Bordeaux-style blends</p>

123
Q

<p>Which region is developing a reputation for Old Bush Vine Carignan in Chile?</p>

A

<p>Maule Valley</p>

124
Q

<p>What are the 2 sub-regions of Curicó?</p>

A

<p>Lontué and Teno</p>

125
Q

<p>What is a constraint to grape growing in Coquimbo Region?</p>

A

<p>Irrigation is essential but very expensive due to lack of water resources.</p>

126
Q

<p>What are growing conditions like in the Aconcagua Valley?</p>

<p>What 3 grapes would you find there?</p>

A

<p>The vineyards on the fertile valley floor are some of the warmest growing conditions in Chile.</p>

<p>Cabernet Sauvignon / Merlot / Carmenère</p>

127
Q

<p>What grape has Leyda Valley gained an excellent reputation for growing?</p>

A

<p>Sauvignon Blanc</p>

128
Q

<p>What it the term in Chile for Wines of Origin?</p>

A

<p>Denominaciones de Origen (DO)</p>

129
Q

<p>Which Chilean grape variety used to be confused with Merlot?</p>

A

<p>Carmenere</p>

130
Q

<p>What 3 things provides the cooling in Coastal areas and inside much of the Inland Mountain ranges?</p>

A

<p>1. The cold Humboldt Current flows up from Antarctica</p>

<p>2. Prevailing winds blow cool air inland along river valleys</p>

<p>3. Coastal areas can experience fog</p>

131
Q

<p>Who produces "Clos Apalta?"</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Casa Lapostolle</p>

132
Q

<p>Which southern Chilean region is most focused on Pinot Noir production?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Bio Bio Valley</p>

133
Q

<p>Topographically, what are conditions like between the Coastal mountains and the Andes?</p>

A

<p>More sheltered. Large expanses of flat land that is easier to cultivate</p>

134
Q

<p>The País grape is also known by which 3 synonyms?</p>

A

<p>Mission</p>

<p>Criolla Chica</p>

<p>Listan Prieto</p>

135
Q

<p>Which subregion of Coquimbohas lowest wine production?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Choapa Valley</p>

136
Q

<p>Montes, Neyen, and Lapostolle all call what DO zone home?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Colchagua Valley</p>

137
Q

<p>Which region is famed for its Carmenere?</p>

<p>Identify a top producer / wine made from Carmenere:</p>

A

<p>ColchaguaValley</p>

<p>Viña Montes' "Purple Angel"</p>

138
Q

<p>Los Vascos winery is owned by which famous First Growth property in Bordeaux?</p>

A

<p>Chateau Lafite Rothschild</p>

139
Q

<p>Rapel Valley is subdivided into 2 zones, what are they?</p>

A

<p>Cachapoal Valley and Colchagua Valley</p>

140
Q

<p>What is special about Chilean grapevines and root stock?</p>

A

<p>Chile's vines are all ungrafted and phylloxera-free.</p>

141
Q

<p>What is the white wine that makes Limari Valley stand out?</p>

A

<p>Chile's best Chardonnay</p>

142
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate of Chile? What is the one risk of the climate?</p>

A

<p>Generally Warm Mediterranean</p>

<p>Dry, sunny, growing season = Grapes reliably ripen and low fungal risk.</p>

<p>RISK - Drought; in some places water is in short supply</p>

143
Q

<p>What 3 sub regions make up Coquimbo Region and what contributes to them making good wine?</p>

A

<p>Elqui Valley, Limari Valley and Choapa Valley.</p>

<p>Brilliant sunshine and marked cooling from sea breezes or mountain air</p>

144
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate of Aconcagua Valley?</p>

A

<p>Flat, fertile and very warm</p>

145
Q

<p>Which famous Spanish wine family own extensive vineyards in Chile?</p>

A

<p>Miguel Torres</p>

146
Q

<p>Which wine region near Santiago has the warmestclimate?</p>

A

<p>Maipo</p>

147
Q

<p>Pisco production is most prominent in which Chilean region?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Atacama</p>

148
Q

<p>What is Chile's most planted white grape?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Sauvignon Blanc</p>

149
Q

<p>What are conditions like in Curicó Valley and Maule Valley and what is mainly grown there?</p>

A

<p>It's warm and the soils are fertile. Mainly grapes for bulk red and white blends, but Cabernet Sauvignon has become the star variety, producing full-bodied, intensely concentrated wines from ancient, low-yielding vines.</p>

150
Q

<p>Which Chilean winery is not only the largest in Chile, but also in the whole of South America?</p>

A

<p>Concha y Toro</p>

151
Q

<p>Chile is now in the \_\_\_\_ largestexporterof wine and the \_\_\_ largest producer.</p>

A

<p>5th / 7th</p>

152
Q

<p>Which of these wine regions is the most southerly - Maipo, Limari, Bio Bio?</p>

A

<p>Bio Bio</p>

153
Q

<p>What is the climate like in Chile's Southern region and which grapes perform well there?</p>

A

<p>Cooler and wetter the further south they are located.</p>

<p>País and Muscat of Alexandria are most planted</p>

<p>Pinot Noir andChardonnay are cultivated in tiny amounts in Malleco Valley.</p>

154
Q

<p>Where are the best vineyards in Maipo Valley located and what are they renowned for producing?</p>

<p>Many established houses are based due to:</p>

<p>3 major producers are:</p>

A

<p>Located in the Andean foothills</p>

<p>A reputation for producing Cabernet Sauvignon with a 'minty' character</p>

<p>Its proximity to Santiago.</p>

<p>Concha y Toro</p>

<p>Santa Rita</p>

<p>Cousiño Macul</p>

155
Q

<p>What 2 black and 2 white grapes do well in Casablanca Valley and San Antonio Valley?</p>

A

<p>Syrah / Pinot Noir</p>

<p>Sauvignon Blanc / Chardonnay</p>

156
Q

<p>Arrange the following regions from north to south (1 = northernmost, 5 = southernmost).</p>

<p>A.Casablanca Valley</p>

<p>B.Curicó Valley</p>

<p>C.Limarí Valley</p>

<p>D.Itata Valley</p>

<p>E.Maipo Valley</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>1. Limari Valley</p>

<p>2. Casablanca Valley</p>

<p>3. Maipo Valley</p>

<p>4. Curicó Valley</p>

<p>5. Itata Valley</p>

157
Q

<p>Almaviva Wineryis a joint project between:</p>

<p>What type of wine is produced?</p>

<p>Where are they located (sub-region / DO)?</p>

A

<p>Concha y Toro and Baron Philippe de Rothschild.</p>

<p>Cabernet Sauvignon-dominated blend, with Carmenére, Petit Verdot and Cabernet Franc.</p>

<p>Puente Alto DO / Maipo Valley / Central Valley</p>

<p></p>

158
Q

<p>Which 3 sub regions make up Chile's Sur Region?</p>

A

<p>Itata Valley</p>

<p>Bio Bio Valley</p>

<p>Malleco Valley</p>

159
Q

<p>The DO regions in Chile can be subdivided and subdivided again, what are the terms for these subdivisions?</p>

A

<p>13 Sub Regions
then subdivided into
Zones</p>

160
Q

<p>Arrange the following regions from north to south (1 = northernmost, 4 = southernmost).</p>

<p>A.Itata Valley</p>

<p>B.San Antonio Valley</p>

<p>C.Maule Valley</p>

<p>D.Bío Bío Valley</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>1. San Antonio Valley.</p>

<p>2. Maule Valley</p>

<p>3. Itata Valley</p>

<p>4. Bio BIo Valley</p>

161
Q

<p>Roughly speaking how would you describe the climate of Chile?</p>

A

<p>The climate of Chile is diverse but can be described generally as warm Mediterranean</p>

162
Q

<p>Carmenère is usually harvested after Cabernet Sauvignon.</p>

<p>Why is this?</p>

A

<p>Underripe Carmenere grapes produce wine with unpleasant, undesirable green flavors. Harvesting it later minimizes these green flavors and maximizes fruit notes.</p>

163
Q

<p>Viñedo Chadwick, Almaviva, and Concha y Toro's "Don Melchior" are all produced out of what Chilean subregion?</p>

A

<p>Maipo Valley</p>

164
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate of Casablanca and San Antonio Valleys?</p>

A

<p>Cool, between the sea and Coastal mountain ranges.</p>

165
Q

<p>Concepción, Chile's 3rd largest city, is closest to what wine region?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Itata Valley</p>

166
Q

<p>Limari Valley has a growing reputation for high quality \_\_\_\_.</p>

<p>What 2 climatic featurescontribute to its success?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Chardonnay.</p>

<p>Limestone soils / Cooler Coastal Climate</p>

167
Q

<p>Elqui Valley has a growing reputation for high quality \_\_\_\_.</p>

<p>Whatclimatic featurecontributes to its success?</p>

A

<p>Syrah</p>

<p>Cool, high-altitude vineyard sites.</p>

168
Q

<p>What are the 4 sub regions (and 2 sub-sub-regions) of the Central Valley Region?</p>

A

<p>Maipo Valley</p>

<p>Rapel Valley - divided into Cachapoal and Colchagua</p>

<p>Curicó Valley</p>

<p>Maule Valley</p>

169
Q

<p>What is the most widely grown grape variety in Chile?</p>

A

<p>Cabernet Sauvignon</p>

170
Q

<p>Identify 3 Chilean wineries that were founded in the 19th Century:</p>

A

<p>1. Concha y Toro</p>

<p>2. Cousiño Macul</p>

<p>3. Santa Rita</p>

171
Q

<p>The VIGNO association exists to preserve old vine \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in \_\_\_ Valley.</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Carignan / Maule</p>

172
Q

<p>In which century were vines first planted in Chile?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>16th Century</p>

173
Q

<p>Which Chilean region lies directly across the Andes from Argentina's Mendoza?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Maipo Valley</p>

174
Q

<p>What 1 white and 1 red wine would you expect from Elqui Valley?</p>

A

<p>Sauvignon Blanc and Syrah</p>

175
Q

<p>Between 1995 and 2015 the number of wineries in Chile grew from \_\_\_ to approximately\_\_\_\_.</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>12 to 340</p>

176
Q

<p>Wines indicating a DO region in Chile must contain what minimum percentage of a variety to include it on a label?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>75%</p>

177
Q

<p>Which Chilean winery produces "Casa Real?"</p>

<p>What grape is used?</p>

<p>What is the wine's DO?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Santa Rita</p>

<p>100% Cabernet Sauvignon</p>

<p>Maipo Valley DO</p>

178
Q

<p>What weather is potentially associated with El Niño andLa Niña?</p>

A

<p>El Niño years - Rainfall can be very heavy</p>

<p>La Niña years - Drought may occur</p>

179
Q

<p>The winery of Errázuriz is located in which commune of which DO?</p>

<p>What is their claim to fame?</p>

<p>Which other top wine do they produce?</p>

A

<p>Panquehue.</p>

<p>Errázuriz’s “Seña,” an iconic Bordeaux-style blend and one of the premier reds of Chile, placed ahead of both Château Lafite and Château Margaux in the 2004 Berlin Tasting—a milestone for the Chilean wine industry likened to the famous 1976 Judgment of Paris.</p>

<p>"Viñedo Chadwick"</p>

180
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate in Cachapoal Valley?</p>

A

<p>Warm, surrounded by mountains, no ocean influence</p>

181
Q

<p>What 4 labelling terms can be seen on Chilean wines?</p>

<p>What do these terms indicate?</p>

A

<p>Reserva</p>

<p>Reserva Especial</p>

<p>Reserva Privada</p>

<p>Gran Reserva</p>

<p>Wines labeledReservaandReservaEspecialmust have a minimum 12% abv.</p>

<p>Wines labeledReservaPrivadaandGran Reservarequire a minimum 12.5% abv.</p>

<p>In addition,Reserva EspecialandGran Reservawines spend mandatory time in oak.</p>

182
Q

<p>Working from North to South what are the 6main DO regions of Chile?</p>

A

<p>Atacama DO</p>

<p>Coquimbo DO</p>

<p>Aconcagua DO</p>

<p>Central Valley (Valle Central) DO</p>

<p>Sur DO</p>

<p>Austral DO</p>

183
Q

<p>What factors contribute to Casablanca Valley and San Antonio Valley being cooled?</p>

<p>What climate to they have?</p>

A

<p>They lie between the Pacific Ocean and the Coastal Mountains benefitting from morning fogs and afternoon winds from the Ocean.</p>

<p>Cool maritime climate</p>

184
Q

<p>What are the 3sub-regions of the Aconcagua Region and what is the renowned Zone within one of the subregions?</p>

A

<p>Aconcagua Valley</p>

<p>Casablanca Valley</p>

<p>San Antonio Valley containing Leyda Valley Zone</p>

185
Q

<p>What is the climate like in Cachapoal Valley and Colchagua Valley and what 4black grapes are largely grown there?</p>

A

<p>Cachapoal: Northerly warm area, cut off from ocean breezes.</p>

<p>Colchagua: More southerly, central part of valley is warm and open to some ocean influence.</p>

<p>Carmenére / Merloton warm valley floor Cab Sav and Syrah is cooler parts</p>

186
Q

<p>Puente Alto is located in which Chilean region?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Maipo Valley</p>

187
Q

<p>What best describes a typical Camenére wine?</p>

A

<p>Chile's signature grape variety. Late-ripening, most successful in warmer areas.</p>

<p>Full-bodied, high tannin</p>

<p>Overtly herbaceous when not fully ripe, but good examples achieve a balance between herbal and black fruit.</p>

188
Q

<p>How would you describe the climate of Coquimbo region?</p>

<p>Where are some vineyards now being planted?</p>

A

<p>Brilliant sunshine with cooling influences from sea breezes and mountain air.</p>

<p>Some vineyards now planted at very high altitude.</p>

189
Q

<p>What provides the cooling in the Chilean foothills of the Andes?</p>

A

<p>Cold air descends from mountains overnight providing a large diurnal range.</p>

190
Q

<p>What is the largest growing area in Chile?</p>

A

<p>Central Valley (Valle Central DO)</p>

191
Q

<p>Whichsubregioncorresponds to Chile's O'Higgins administrative region?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Rapel Valley</p>

192
Q

<p>Until the 21st century, Chile was mostly planted to what grape?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>País</p>

193
Q

<p>Introduced in 2012 what are the 3 new terms introduced to describe where a wine is from and what do they mean?</p>

A

<p>Costa = From near the coast</p>

<p>Entre Cordilleras = Between the (mountain) ranges</p>

<p>Andes = From the mountain area</p>

D3 - Wines of the World (superset) (144 decks)

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