Sole of the foot - general features, first and second layer (dave's notes) Flashcards
What is the cutaneous nerve supply to the sole of the foot?
Skin supply over the heel is by the medial calcaneal brancehs of the tibial nerve
The sole is supplied by the medial and lateral plantar nerves. The plantar surfaces of the toes are supplied by the medial (3 1/2 toes) and lateral (1 1/2 toes)
What is notable about the subcutaneous tissue of the sole of the foot?
Contains more fibrous septa fillt with more fluid fat
What does the plantar aponeurosis cover? Where does it arise and insert?
Covers the whole length of the sole arising from teh medial and lateral tubercles fanning out into five slips.
What muscles comprise the first layer of the sole of the foot?
3 short muscles that cover the sole beneath the plantar aponeurosis
-Flexor digitorum brevis (central)
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
What is the origin and insertion of flexor digitorum brevis?
Origin: Arises from the medial tubercle of the calcaneus. It divides into four tendons that pass to the lateral four toes. Each tendon enters the fibrous flexor sheath and spirals around the long flexor tendon to be inserted into teh sides of the middle phalanx.
What is the action and innervation of flexor digitorum brevis?
Flexes the toes.
Supplied by the medial plantar nerve (from the tibial nerve).
What is the origin and insertion of abductor hallucis?
Arises from the medial tubercle of the calcaneus to the proximal phalanx of the great toe.
What is the origin and insertion of abductor digiti minimi?
Arises from both medial and lateral tubercles to the proximal phalanx of the great toe.
What nerve supplies the muscles of the first layer of the sole of the foot?
Flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, and abductor digiti minimi are all supplied by the medial plantar (from teh tibial nerve).
What makes up the second layer of the sole of the foot?
The long flexor tendons and their connections in the sole
What is the course of the tendon of flexor hallucis longus? What covers the tendon of flexor hallucis longus?
The tendon of FHL passes forward like a bow string beneath the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. Lies in a groove between two sesamoid between the head of the first MT bone. Invested by a synovial sheath through its whole course in the foot.
What is the course of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus?
The tendon of FDL enters the sole on the medial side of FHL tendon which it corsses before splitting into four. FHL contributes a strong slip to 2 and 3. The 4 tendons pass forwards deep to those of FDB, entering the fibrous sheath of the lateral four toes. Each tendon perforatesteh tendon of FDB and passes to the base of teh distal phalanx.
Describe the flexor accessorius muscle.
This arises from a large fleshy medial head and a small alteral tendinous head. the muscle belly is inserted into FDL.
What is the action and innevation of flexor accessorius?
Action: Flex toes in any ankle joint position.
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve.
Where do the lumbrical musles arise and insert?
Arise from teh FDL tendons and pass to the medial (inside) side of the lateral four toes.
