Osteology of the lower limb (dave's notes) Flashcards
How does the hip bone develop?
Develops in cartilage from three primary centres (one for each bone).
When does each of the three centres of development of the hip bone initiate?
Ilium (weight bearing) - 2nd month
Ischium - 3rd month
Pubis - 4th month
When do teh ischio and pubic rami fuse?
At about seven years
When does the y shaped cartilage of the hip begin to ossify? When does it fuse?
Ossifies at 12 years with 2-3 centres, and closes at about 15 years. At the same time boney centres appear in the peripheral strips of cartilage, fusing at about 25 years.
What is the growing end of the femur?
The knee end. These USUALLY ossify earlier
When does the femur ossify? From where?
At week 8 from a centre in the shaft. But a centre appears at birth in the lower end; this is the growing end of teh bone.
When does the epiphysis bisecting the adductor tubercle unite with the shaft?
At about 20 years
When is an ossification centre present in the head of the femur? The greter trochanter? The lesser trochanter?
Head at 1 year
Greater at 3 years
Lesser at 12 years
When does the upper epihysis fuse with the shaft of the femur?
18 years
With what part does teh neck of the femur ossify?
The neck is part of the shaft and ossifies with it rather than the epiphysis.
What does teh patella form in? When? When is it complete?
Forms in hyaline cartilage at about 3 years, complete at puberty
When does teh tibia ossify?
Ossifies in cartilage with a primary centre appearing about week 8.
When does the upper pepihysis of teh tibia show a primary centre?
Immediately after birth. This is the growing end.
When does the upper epiphysis join the shaft?
At about 20 yeras.
What may appear at puberty on the tibia?
A secondary centre for teh tuberosity.
When does the lower epiphysis of the tibia ossify?
In the second year, and joins teh shaft at about 198 years. The epiphysial line passes ~1cm above teh distal end, and includes teh medial malleolus.
Where and when does ossification of the fibula initiate?
From a central site at week 8
Where is the epiphysis of the fibula? When does this ossify and fuse?
Two epiphyses, one at each end. The head is the growing end and ossifies at year 4, fuses at year 20. The lower end ossifies at year 2, fuses at year 18.
From what do foot bones ossify?
All ossify in cartilage.
Which bones of the foot are ossified at birth?
The 3 bones of the tarsus
When does the navicular ossify? When are the cuneiforms ossified?
Navicular - 4th year
Cuneiforms ossify in 1st to 4th years.
When do the metatarsals and phalanges ossify?
Ossify in utero, but further centres develop at age 5. Fuse at 18.
