Soft Tissue Surgery: Neutering Flashcards
What are the indications for a bitch spay?
Elective
* Prevent misaliance/seasons
* Prevention of disease- ovarian/uterine neoplasia, pseudopregnancy
Treatment of disease
* Pyometra
* Neoplasia
* Following C-section
When should a bitch spay be done?
- Traditionally >6m after first season
- During anoestrus
- Early in pregnancy or soon after season
- Do not neuter 1-3 months post season
- At the time of C-section
Why may early OVH be useful?
- Procedure reported to be simpler
- Reduced chance of mammary neoplasia
- May have some behavioural benefits
But
* Avoid if congenital USMI or juvenile vaginitis
* May increase chance of joint disease
* May be detrimental to behavioural development
* consider anaesthetic risk
Describe the procedure for bitch spay
- Check female and not lactating/signs of false pregnancy
- Prep as for any abdominal surgery- dorsal recumbency, clip from xiphoid to cranial pubic brim, aseptic technique
- Midline coeliotomy from umbilicus 5-15cm caudally
- Idenfity uterine horns and exteriorise
- Stretch or break suspensory ligament
- Ligate ovarian blood vessels
What are the complications for bitch spay?
- Haemorrhage- ligature failure
- Ureteral entrapment
- Ovarian remnant syndrome
- Wound related complications
- Anaesthesia-related complications
- Adhesions
How is a haemorrhage post OVH found?
- Extend surgical excision to increase exposure
- To find left kidney retract colon to the right
- To find right kidnet retract duodenum to the left
- Pedicle stump is just caudal to the caudal pole of the kidney- place haemostat across the vessel
What are the benefits of ovariectomy vs ovariohysterectomy?
- Technical complications similar
- Distal urethal ligation not complications of ovariectomy
- Surgical time/incision/pain may be improved in OVE- weak evidence
- No risk of pyo/ovarian tumours unless ORS
- Speculated that uterine tumours very unlikely without ORS
- Risks USMI similar
Describe the procedure for cat spay
Check female
Midline- similar to bitch
Flank spay
* Don’t be stingy with your clip patch
* Landmarks- bony triangle
* Some tie legs back
* Vertical incision
* Scissors through sub-cut fat then muscle
* Thumb forceps to grab uterus
* Ligatures around ovarian vessels and then uterus
* Closure
What are indications for canine orchidectomy?
- Population control
- Managment of aggression/behaviour
- Reduce risk of testicular neoplasia or benign prostatis hyperplasia
- Treatment of- perianal adenomas, hernia, testicular torsion
Describe the procedure for dog castrate
- Check two descended testicles before anaesthetising
- Dorsal recumbency and prep-pre scrotal area
- Push one testicle cranially
- Incise over the testicle and exteriorise
- Open- incise through vaginal tunic
- Closed- vaginal tunic remains intact
- Three clamp technique- double ligate if desired
- Repeat proceducre
- Closure
What are potential complications for dog castrate?
- Peri-incisional bruising
- Seroma/wound complications
- Intra-abdominal haemorrhage
- Iatrogenic urethral damage
- Infection or scrotal abscessation
Describe the procedure for cat castrate
- Check its male
- Clip or pluck hair
- Lower testicle first
- Incise over testicle- all laters
- Hand tise ductus to vessels
- Do not close skin
- Repeat
What are post op considerations for cat castrate?
Orchidectomy
- Buster collar
- Restrict excercise
- Monitor wound
- Analgesia
