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Year 4 Small Animal Studies > Ophthalmology: Cats, Rabbits > Flashcards

Ophthalmology: Cats, Rabbits Flashcards

1
Q

What third eyelid abnormalities can affect feline?

A
  • Retraction of the globe with pain
  • Retro-bulbar swellings
  • Horner’s syndrome
  • Symblepharon
  • Lymphoma infiltration
  • Systemic malaise and dehydration
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2
Q

What can cause conjunctivitis in cats?

A
  • Herpes virus
  • Chlamydophila
  • Symblepharon
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3
Q

How is feline herpes treated?

A
  • Famcyclovir and ganciclovir
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4
Q

How is chlamydophila in cats treated?

A
  • Mat be respiratory tract infection or conjunctivitis alone
  • Oral doxycycline without topical treatment
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5
Q

What is symblepharon?
How can it be treated?

A

Permanent adhesion of conjunctival surfaces following inflammation

Correction is surgical- not straightforward- leave alone

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6
Q

What is corneal sequestrum?

A
  • Following a non-healing ulcer a black plaque can develop in the exposed stroma
  • Sequestered necrotic corneal stroma

Surgery to remove

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7
Q

How does eosinophilic keratitis appear in cats?

How is it treated?

A
  • A proliferative pale pink irregular mass of inflammatory tissue advances across the cornea
  • Often with a thick white discharge

Tx- Topical steroids

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8
Q
  1. Where does herpes remain dormant in cats?
  2. What eye lesions can it cause?
  3. How can it be treated?
A
  1. Trigeminal ganglion
  2. Ulcerative keratitis without conjunctivitis
  3. Debridement and lubrication may be successful- anti-virals can be used with little data
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8
Q
  1. Where does herpes remain dormant in cats?
  2. What eye lesions can it cause?
  3. How can it be treated?
A
  1. Trigeminal ganglion
  2. Ulcerative keratitis without conjunctivitis
  3. Debridement and lubrication may be successful- anti-virals can be used with little data
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9
Q
  1. Where does herpes remain dormant in cats?
  2. What eye lesions can it cause?
  3. How can it be treated?
A
  1. Trigeminal ganglion
  2. Ulcerative keratitis without conjunctivitis
  3. Debridement and lubrication may be successful- anti-virals can be used with little data
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10
Q

What eye problem is frequently a common component of systemic disease- FeLV, FIV, FIP

A

Anterior uveitis

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11
Q

How does anterior uveitis present differently with the following diseases?
* FeLV
* FIP
* Toxoplasma
* Lymphoplasmacytic
* Uveal neoplasia

A

FeLV
* Causes typical anterior uveitis
* Possible segment inflammation and retinal detachment

FIP
* May be indistingushable from other causes- large amounts of fibrinout material in the AC

Toxoplasma
* More commonly causes retinitis possibly with anterior involvement

Lymphoplasmacytic
* Most common form- chronic uveitis with grey lymphoid nodules in the iris- potentially glaucoma- steroids in early stages

Neoplasia- melanoma most common

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12
Q

What causes glaucoma in cats?

A
  • Primary does not occur
  • Due to obstruction of the drainage angle from acute or chronic uveitis
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13
Q

What more commonly causes lens luxation in cats?

A

Lymphoplasmacytic uveitis

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14
Q

Describe the fundus of the cat?

A
  • Bright tapetum
  • Yellow-green
  • Circular disc
  • Vessels do not anastomose on the surface of the disc
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15
Q
  1. What breeds are predisposed to generalised retinal atrophy?
  2. How does it appear?
A
  1. Siamese and Abyssinian
  2. Extreme hypereflectivity and vascular attenuation- progresses to complete blindness
16
Q

What systemic diseases can cause retinal detachment in cats?

A
  • FIP
  • FeLV
  • Hypertension
17
Q

What needs to be avoided with use of enrofloxacin (baytril)?

A

Excessive doses can cause sudden irreversible blindness in cats due to toxic damage

18
Q

When enuceating a cats eye why is excessive traction very bad?

A

Can damage the opposite optic nerve at the chiasm

19
Q

What should standard medical treatment be for corneal lacerations and penetrations?

A
  • Mydriatic usually atropine or tropicamide
  • Topical broad spec ABs
  • Oral broad spec ABs

In larger wounds with iris prolapse, non-viable excised and replaces and sutured

20
Q
  1. What shape is rabbits third eyelid?
  2. How many tear duct openings are there?
  3. Where is the optic disc?
  4. Where are retinal blood vessels seen?
  5. What test is difficult in rabbits?
A
  1. Triangular
  2. Single tear duct opening
  3. High and dorsal- large depression
  4. Myelinated fibres extend medially and laterals- BVs present in this region
  5. Menace response- weak or nil
21
Q
  1. What agent commonly causes tear duct infection in rabbits?
  2. How does it present?
  3. How can infection be more complicated?
  4. How can it be treated?
A
  1. pasturella spp
  2. Chronic ocular discharge and secondary corneal infection
  3. Nasolacrimal duct is near teeth roots- displacement of elongation of the roots- chronic inflammation
  4. Flushed with povidone:iodine, topical and systemic ABs- regular flushing

Control rather then cure

22
Q

What may protrusion of the eye and exposure keratitis suggest in rabbits?

A

Orbital abscess

Difficult to evacuate

23
Q

What is conjunctival membrane in rabbits?

A
  • When the conjunctiva from the limbus grows over the cornea in a centripetal manner
  • Gives the impression that the cornea is vascularised and opaque

Cause unknown- can surgically excise

24
Q

What is conjunctival membrane in rabbits?

A
  • When the conjunctiva from the limbus grows over the cornea in a centripetal manner
  • Gives the impression that the cornea is vascularised and opaque

Cause unknown- can surgically excise

25
Q
  1. What is encephalitzoon cuniculi?
  2. What does it cause in rabits?
  3. How does it affect the eye?
A
  1. Protozoan parasite
  2. Nervous (head tilt), paresis, paralysis, tremors, convulsions, renal failure
  3. Enters the lens- rupture, chronic reaction
    * Large solid yellow mass- tumour like
    * Within or underlying iris
26
Q

How is E cuniculi abscessation treated?

A
  • Potentially fenbendazole
  • Phakoemulsification

Can result in enucleation

27
Q

What needs to be avoided in enucleation of rabbits eyes?

A

Rupture of large venous sinuses in the orbit
* Profuse and life threatening haemorrhage
* If happens- section all remaining attachments and remove the eye with max speed
* Suture with continuous subcut suture

Year 4 Small Animal Studies (97 decks)

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