sodium and water balance

Question 1

what is the equation

Answer 1

Na= mol Na/ 1l H20

Question 2

Does water follow sodium?

Answer 2

Yeahhh

Question 3

What can a decrease in extracellular fluid lead to?

Answer 3

hypotension, decreased BP, increased pulse, decreased urine output

Question 4

How is sodium controlled?

Answer 4

by mineralocorticoid activity

Question 5

what is mineralocorticoid activity?

Answer 5

sodium retention in exchange for potassium/ hydrogen ions

Question 6

What are some steroids with mineralocorticoid activity?

Answer 6

aldosterone, cortisol

Question 7

what does too much mineralocorticoid activity mean?

Answer 7

sodium retention

Question 8

what does too little mineralocorticoid activity mean

Answer 8

sodium loss (water loss)

Question 9

what is water controlled by

Answer 9

ADH

Question 10

what does ADH cause

Answer 10

water reabsorption, antidiuretic effect

Question 11

what does increased ADH do to the urine?

Answer 11

concentrated

Question 12

What does little ADH do to urine?

Answer 12

diluted

Question 13

what is th relationship between concentration and osmolality

Answer 13

increased conc= increased osmolality

Question 14

what can too little Na be result of?

Answer 14

too little NA (increased sodium loss- addisons/ gut/ kidneys/skin or too much H20- SIAD (decreased excretion)

Question 15

what can too much Na be result of

Answer 15

too much Na-rare , too little H20- increased water loss- Diabetes insipidus, decreased water intake

Question 16

What are typical features of addison disease?

Answer 16

pigmentation, hypotension, WL

Question 17

how is sodium/water balance assessed

Answer 17

volume status