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Endocrine > reproductive endocrinology > Flashcards

reproductive endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

how long does it take oogenesis to occur compared to spermatogenesis

A

oogenesis- years, spermatogenesis- 72 days

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2
Q

when does oogenesis begin in women

A

utero, suspended for years and then beings again in puberty

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3
Q

when does oogenesis cease?

A

menopause

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4
Q

what is the first recognisable germinal cell called

A

primordial germ cell

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5
Q

where does the primordial germ cell migrate to by week 6 of embryo development

A

genital ridge

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6
Q

what is oogonia

A

the completion of last pre- biotic divisions to oocytes

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7
Q

what type of cell enters meiosis

A

oocytes

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8
Q

the development of polar bodies in first stage meiosis produces unequal divisions of oocytes, true or flase

A

true

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9
Q

how long does the ovarian cycle last

A

28 days

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10
Q

what is the first and second half of cycle called

A

follicular phase and luteal phase

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11
Q

What happens in the follicular phase

A

primary oocyte surrounded by granulose cells- primary follicle. Each oocyte can produce a single ovum. Oocytes then grow and follicles expand and become differentiated

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12
Q

what happens to the follicular cells after ovulation

A

transformed into the corpus luteum

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13
Q

what does the corpus lute secrete

A

progesterone

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14
Q

what does the gonadal releasing hormone act on and what does this structure then secrete

A

acts on anterior pituitary FSH- development of follicles, LH- follicle maturation, ovulation, corpus lute development

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15
Q

what cells produce androgen

A

theca

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16
Q

what converts the theca cells to oestradiol

A

granulose- thickens endomettrium

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17
Q

what do the theca cells convert androgen to?

A

oestrogen

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18
Q

what organ takes over the role of progesterone secretion after 6 weeks

A

placenta

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19
Q

where does glandular oestrogen synthesis occur?

A

granulosa and theca cells of the ovaries as well as the corpus luteum

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20
Q

what do LH tell granulose cells to produce

A

pregnenolone

21
Q

what produces progesterone?

A

pregnenolone

22
Q

what does oligomenorrhea mean

A

reduction in frequency of periods

23
Q

what is primary amenorrhea

A

failure of puberty at age 16

24
Q

what is secondary amenorrhea

A

cessation of periods for more than >6months

25
Q

what are common secondary causes of amenorrhea

A

ovarian, uterine, hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction

26
Q

what is a sign of androgen excess

A

hirsutism/acne

27
Q

what is measured in all patients with amenorrhoea

A

LH, FSH, oestradiol, thyroid function and prolactin

28
Q

what would you investigate if hirsutism was present

A

testosterone

29
Q

what is female hypogonadism identified by

A

low levels of oestrogen

30
Q

what causes secondary hypogonadism

A

pituitary/ hypothalamus disorder

31
Q

what would the FSH score be in premature ovarian failure

A

> 30 on 2 separate occasions 1 month apart

32
Q

what is idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

A

absent or delayed sexual development with low levels of gonadotrophin and sex hormone levels. Cant activate GnRH during puberty

33
Q

is Kallmans syndrome primary or secondary

A

secondary

34
Q

what is kallmans

A

loss of GnRH secretion and anosmia/ hyposmia

35
Q

what would the LH/FSH be in a pituitary dysfunction

A

lowwww

36
Q

what are ovarian causes of amenorrhea

A

PCOS- 2 of menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogegism, polycystic ovaries,
Ovarian failure
Congenital problems with ovarian development

37
Q

what causes hirsutism

A

androgen excess

38
Q

what is the most common cause of hirsutism

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

39
Q

how do you treat PCOS

A

contraceptive pill, anti androgens,

40
Q

how do you treat CAH

A

low dose glucocorticoid to suppress ATCH drive

41
Q

how many chromosomes does turner syndrome have

A

1

42
Q

does turners affect men or women

A

women only

43
Q

what are clinical features of turners syndrome

A

short, webbed neck, wide spaced nipples, cubits valgus

44
Q

what are those with turners syndrome at risk of

A

correction of the aorta

45
Q

what is the most common form of primary hypogonadism

A

Klinefelters syndrome

46
Q

what are some features of Klienfelters

A

gynaecomastia, reduced testicle size, eunuchoidism, intellect dysfunction

47
Q

what karyotype does Klinefelters have

A

XXY

48
Q

is testosterone good or bad

A

good- improved sexual performance, bone health, limb strength,

Endocrine (23 decks)

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