Pituitary

Question 1

what are posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 1

ADH and oxytocin

Question 2

how do the posterior pituitary hormones travel?

Answer 2

through neurones

Question 3

how do anterior pituitary hormones travel?

Answer 3

in dat bloooood

Question 4

name 5 substances made in the hypothalamus

Answer 4

dopamine, cortisol releasing hormone, thyroxine releasing hormone, Growth releasing hormone, gonadal releasing hormone

Question 5

What does CRH produce in the pituitary?

Answer 5

ACTH

Question 6

where does TSH come from

Answer 6

TRH in the pituitary

Question 7

What does GnRH produce in pituitary

Answer 7

LH/FSH

Question 8

What does GHRH produce?

Answer 8

GH

Question 9

What negatively inhibits Prolactin?

Answer 9

dopamine

Question 10

what is the dynamic test called done to suppress hormone

Answer 10

dexamethasone

Question 11

Wha tis the dynamic test called that is used to stimulate hormone

Answer 11

synacthen test

Question 12

When is the water deprivation test for?

Answer 12

tests for diabetes insipidus

Question 13

what is the primary tumour called that is less than 1cm?

Answer 13

microadenoma

Question 14

what is the pituitary tumour called that is >1cm

Answer 14

macroadenoma

Question 15

what is a visual field defect due to compression of optic chiasm

Answer 15

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 16

Why would prolactin be raised?

Answer 16

pregnancy, stress, lactation, sleep, dopamine antagonists

Question 17

What is a pathological cause for raised prolactin?

Answer 17

hypothyroidism, prolactinoma

Question 18

What are signs of raised prolactin?

Answer 18

galactorrhea, amenorrhoea, infertility, menstrual irregularity, impotence, visual disturbance, headache

Question 19

What are th investigations for prolactinoma?

Answer 19

MRI pituitary, pituitary function tests, visual fields and prolactin concentration

Question 20

What is the treatment choice for prolactinoma

Answer 20

carbegoline- 2x week

Question 21

What is acromegaly?

Answer 21

excess in GH

Question 22

What is their appearance?

Answer 22

thickened skin, hypertension, sleep apnoea, diabetes, CV death, large face

Question 23

How do you diagnose acromegaly?

Answer 23

IGF-1, GTT

Question 24

What is the treatment for acromegaly?

Answer 24

pituitary surgery, GTT retest, some may use somatostatin analogues (pre op)

Question 25

What is cushings syndrome?

Answer 25

excess cortisol, mineralocorticoid, androgen

Question 26

is there protein loss in cushings?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

what does protein loss in bushings lead to?

Answer 27

myopathy, osteoporosis, thin skin, striae and bruising

Question 28

What is characteristic in cushings?

Answer 28

frontal balding in women, thin skin, myopathy, oedema and osteoporosis

Question 29

What is the best way of diagnosing cushings?

Answer 29

2 day 2mg/ day dexamethasone suppression test - cortisol

Question 30

Where does cushings most commonly arise from?

Answer 30

pituitary

Question 31

how would you treat pituitary, adrenal and ectopic cushings?

Answer 31

pituitary: Hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy, ectopic= remove source

Question 32

What drug would you use if the surgeries down work for cushings?

Answer 32

metyrapone, pasireotide- new somatostatin analogue

Question 33

What are signs of anterior hypopituitarism

Answer 33

menstrual irregularities, infertility, gynaecomastia, loss of hair, growth retardation,

Question 34

What are the drugs used for hypopituitarism therapy?

Answer 34

thyroxine, hydrocortisone, ADH, GH, HRT

Question 35

what are the risks of testosterone replacement?

Answer 35

prostate enlargement, polycythaemia, hepatits

Question 36

Is diabetes insipidus anterior or posterior

Answer 36

POSTERIOR

Question 37

What is the treatment of diabetes insipidus

Answer 37

desmospray type thing