Microvascular complications

Question 1

What are the three common microvascular complications

Answer 1

neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy

Question 2

what 3 things does diabetes commonly cause

Answer 2

blindness, dialysis and amputation

Question 3

how do the microvascular problems arise?

Answer 3

reduced blood flow and damaged nerves

Question 4

what is peripheral neuropathy

Answer 4

loss of feeling in feet and hands

Question 5

what is autonomic neuropathy

Answer 5

changes in bowel/ bladder function, sweating, heart rate, bp

Question 6

what type of neuropathy causes pain in the thighs, hip or buttocks leading to leg weakness?

Answer 6

proximal neuropathy

Question 7

What kind of symptoms can present in diabetes

Answer 7

numbness, foot ulcers, vomiting, constipation/diarrhoea, dizziness, erectile dysfunction, wasting of muscles

Question 8

does neuropathy occur more with type 1 or 2 diabetes?

Answer 8

type 1

Question 9

What is the treatment cascade for painful neuropathy

Answer 9

simple analgesia- TCAs- Gabapentin- Duloxetine/ pre-gabalin- strong opiods

Question 10

what should you use to treat gastroparesis?

Answer 10

metoclopramide, domperidone/ erythromycin

Question 11

what tools can you use to diagnose neuropathy?

Answer 11

nerve conduction studies, heart rate, US, gastric emptying studies

Question 12

what are the consequences of diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 12

hypertension, decline in renal function, accelerated vascular disease

Question 13

How do you screen for nephropathy?

Answer 13

ACR- diabetic kidney disease

Question 14

what does microalbuminuria suggest?

Answer 14

impending doom

Question 15

what would nitrites/ leukocytes suggest?

Answer 15

proteinuria

Question 16

How often do you have to repeat microalbuminuria test?

Answer 16

2-3 times that are positive

Question 17

what are some false positives in microalbuminuria

Answer 17

menstruation, discharge, UTI, pregnancy

Question 18

what are risk factors for nephropathy?

Answer 18

hypertension, cholesterol, smoking, glycemic control, albuminuria

Question 19

What class of drug improves diabetic kidney disease

Answer 19

ACE inhibitors

Question 20

what can people develop in diabetic eye disease?

Answer 20

cataracts, retinopathy, glaucoma, acute hyperglycaemia- blurring

Question 21

what is glaucoma

Answer 21

increase in fluid pressure in the eye

Question 22

how do you treat retinopathy?

Answer 22

laser treatment and vitrectomy

Question 23

in what % does erectile dysfunction cause in diabetic men?

Answer 23

50%