basic principles

Question 1

what are the three types of hormones?

Answer 1

steroids- testosterone and cortisol, tyrosine- adrenaline and thyroid hormones and protein/ peptides-insulin

Question 2

What are 4 types of hormone receptors

Answer 2

G coupled receptor, receptor tyrosine kinase, steroid hormone and kinase activity receptor.

Question 3

what are G protein coupled receptors useful to act as

Answer 3

biological sensors

Question 4

loss of function mutation can occur in GPCR frequently?

Answer 4

yea

Question 5

what does the receptor tyrosine kinase do?

Answer 5

insulin receptor

Question 6

is steroid hormones extracellular or intracellular?

Answer 6

intracellular

Question 7

what results in steroid hormone receptors?

Answer 7

change in gene transcription

Question 8

what does the posterior pituitary produce?

Answer 8

ADH and oxytocin

Question 9

what does the anterior pituitary produce?

Answer 9

LH, FSH, GH, ACTH, PRL, TSH

Question 10

what is a major determinant of hormone secretion?

Answer 10

rate of secretion

Question 11

what are some common hormones requiring measuring?

Answer 11

cortisol. aldosterone, testosterone, thyroid, GH and prolactin

Question 12

what does TSH measure?

Answer 12

thyroid hormone

Question 13

what does a raised TSH indicate?

Answer 13

hypothyroidism

Question 14

TSH might not be a useful indicator of thyroid disease in?

Answer 14

pituitary dysfunction

Question 15

at what time is HPA axis function best seen?

Answer 15

9am

Question 16

What would IGF1 indicate?

Answer 16

high levels of growth hormone secretion

Question 17

when should you measure testosterone levels?

Answer 17

9am

Question 18

what is an important factor when considering female sex hormone measurements

Answer 18

what time of the cycle it is

Question 19

what is prolactin secreted by

Answer 19

lactotroph cells of anterior pituitary

Question 20

What is the lactotroph cells inhibited by?

Answer 20

dopamine

Question 21

what are some causes of hyperprolactinaemia

Answer 21

pregnancy, lactation, chronic renal failure, tumours

Question 22

when is vasopressin released from the posterior pituitary

Answer 22

when increased osmolarity, release of angiotensin 2, sympathetic stimulation

Question 23

what does vasopressin cause the blood vessels and kidneys to do?

Answer 23

vessels- constriction and kidneys- blood reabsorption causing an overall increase in arterial pressure

Question 24

when is typical pituitary testing done?

Answer 24

before imaging

Question 25

what test would you do for hormone excession

Answer 25

suppression test- dexamethasone

Question 26

how would you test for hormone insufficiency?

Answer 26

stimulation test- synacthen

Question 27

What are some signs of cushings?

Answer 27

excess fat pads in supraclavicular/ inter scapular, osteoporosis, hypertension, impaired glucose function

Question 28

70% of cushings syndrome is by?

Answer 28

cushings disease

Question 29

what test is required in cushings

Answer 29

dexamethasone suppression test, measure of ACTH,

Question 30

what does a rise of ACTH and cortisol on CRH suggest?

Answer 30

its pituitary based

Question 31

what type of cell is MEN1

Answer 31

tumour suppressor

Question 32

what type of cell is MEN2

Answer 32

proto oncogenes

Question 33

what is the most common tumour associated with MEN1

Answer 33

parathyroid adenoma

Question 34

what can MEN1 do to mortality and morbidity

Answer 34

increase greatly