basic principles Flashcards
what are the three types of hormones?
steroids- testosterone and cortisol, tyrosine- adrenaline and thyroid hormones and protein/ peptides-insulin
What are 4 types of hormone receptors
G coupled receptor, receptor tyrosine kinase, steroid hormone and kinase activity receptor.
what are G protein coupled receptors useful to act as
biological sensors
loss of function mutation can occur in GPCR frequently?
yea
what does the receptor tyrosine kinase do?
insulin receptor
is steroid hormones extracellular or intracellular?
intracellular
what results in steroid hormone receptors?
change in gene transcription
what does the posterior pituitary produce?
ADH and oxytocin
what does the anterior pituitary produce?
LH, FSH, GH, ACTH, PRL, TSH
what is a major determinant of hormone secretion?
rate of secretion
what are some common hormones requiring measuring?
cortisol. aldosterone, testosterone, thyroid, GH and prolactin
what does TSH measure?
thyroid hormone
what does a raised TSH indicate?
hypothyroidism
TSH might not be a useful indicator of thyroid disease in?
pituitary dysfunction
at what time is HPA axis function best seen?
9am
What would IGF1 indicate?
high levels of growth hormone secretion
when should you measure testosterone levels?
9am
what is an important factor when considering female sex hormone measurements
what time of the cycle it is
what is prolactin secreted by
lactotroph cells of anterior pituitary
What is the lactotroph cells inhibited by?
dopamine
what are some causes of hyperprolactinaemia
pregnancy, lactation, chronic renal failure, tumours
when is vasopressin released from the posterior pituitary
when increased osmolarity, release of angiotensin 2, sympathetic stimulation
what does vasopressin cause the blood vessels and kidneys to do?
vessels- constriction and kidneys- blood reabsorption causing an overall increase in arterial pressure
when is typical pituitary testing done?
before imaging
what test would you do for hormone excession
suppression test- dexamethasone
how would you test for hormone insufficiency?
stimulation test- synacthen
What are some signs of cushings?
excess fat pads in supraclavicular/ inter scapular, osteoporosis, hypertension, impaired glucose function
70% of cushings syndrome is by?
cushings disease
what test is required in cushings
dexamethasone suppression test, measure of ACTH,
what does a rise of ACTH and cortisol on CRH suggest?
its pituitary based
what type of cell is MEN1
tumour suppressor
what type of cell is MEN2
proto oncogenes
what is the most common tumour associated with MEN1
parathyroid adenoma
what can MEN1 do to mortality and morbidity
increase greatly
