Sociologist Crime+deviance Flashcards
(Class, power, crime) Marxism - Snider
capitalist states are reluctant to pass laws that regulate the activities of businesses or threaten their profitability.
(Class, power, crime) Marxism - Pearce
laws give capitalism a ‘caring’ face, and creates a false consciousness among workers.
(Class, power, crime) Neo Marxism - Taylor et al
criticise Marxists for economic determinism and instead see crimes as meaningful actions and a conscious choice by the actor.
(Class, power, crime) Marxism - Reiman & Leighton
the more likely a crime is to be committed by high-class people, the less likely it is to be treated as an offence.
(Class, power, crime) Marxism - Box
if a company cannot achieve its goal of maximising profit by legal means, it may employ illegal ones instead.
(Class, power, crime) Marxism - Cicourel
argues the middle class are more able to negotiate non-criminal labels for their misbehaviour.
(control+punishment) Mawby & Walklate
structural factors such as patriarchy and poverty place powerless groups such as women and the poor at greater risk of victimisation.
(control+punishment) Tombs & Whyte
In the hierarchy of victimisation, the powerless are most likely to be victimised, yet least likely to have this acknowledged by the state.
(control+punishment) Wilson & Kelling
used broken windows as a metaphor for disorder within neighbourhoods.
(control+punishment) michel foucault
modalities of power: sovereign = when authorities try to control other people. Disciplinary = govern the mind, soul and the body through surveillance and knowledge.
(ethnicity+crime) LEA & YOUNG
Utilitarian crime is a response to material deprivation and non-utilitarian crime is due to frustration towards society.
(ethnicity+crime) HALL ET AL
capitalism was in crisis and used a story that black people and mugging were causing moral panic in order to cover it up.
(Functionalism+crime) Cohen
Working class boys formed their own delinquent subculture due to failing middle class culture
(Functionalism+crime) Durkheim
When people are punished for committing crimes, it teaches the rest of society not to go against norms and values, in turn strengthening boundaries
(Functionalism+crime) Merton
Conformism (accept goal+legitimate means) Innovation (accept goal+illegitimate means) Ritualism (reject goal+legitimate means) Retreatism (reject goal+reject means) Rebellion (replace goal+replace means)
(gender+crime) Heidensohn
women have at least one male figure in their life who does not want them to commit crime.
(gender+crime) Functionalism - Parsons
women are nurturing by nature, and therefore are incapable of and not wanting to commit crime.
(gender+crime) Adler
women are now becoming much more equal in society with men, therefore they now commit more crime.
(gender+crime) Carlen
women turn to crime if they’re not financially stable (class deal) and if they’re not a mother or wife (gender deal).
(gender+crime) Messerschmidt
sees crime and deviance as a resource that different men may use to accomplish masculinity.
(globalisation) Taylor
Gloabalisation has allowed transnational corporations to exploit low wage countries, producing job insecurity and unemployment, therefore causing crime to rise.
(globalisation) Castells
As a result of globalisation, there is a global criminal economy worth over £1 trillion per annum
(globalisation) Glenny
traces the origins of transnational organised crime to the breakup of the soviet union, which coincided with the deregulation of global markets.
(Interactionism) Cicourel
police concentrate on types of people that are more likely to offend (e.g patrolling working class areas).
(Interactionism) Braithwaite
Disintegrative shaming is punishment which isolates the individual and causes secondary deviance. Reintegrative shaming = Opposite
(Interactionism) Douglas
Rejects the use of official statistics when examining suicide.
(right realism crime) Hernstein & Wilson
people with traits such as aggression and low impulse control are at greater risk of offending, especially if their intelligence is low.
(right realism crime) Clarke
the decision to commit a crime is based on a rational calculation of consequences. If perceived rewards outweigh costs, people are more likely to offend.
(left realism) Lea & Young
deprived people resent others having more material goods than them, thus resorting to illegitimate means to achieve the same level of materials.
(Media) Surette
Whatever the media show is the opposite of what is true.
(Media) Cohen
the media amplified and exaggerated disturbances between working-class teenagers (mods and rockers) in the 1960s, producing a deviance amplification spiral.
(Media) Cohen & Young
journalists and editors choose and exaggerate news stories in order to make them exciting
(Media) Lea & Young
victims of relative deprivation and marginalisation feel left out from the medias assumption that everyone is living ‘the good life’.
(Functionalism+crime) Cloward and Ohlin
3 subcultures: Criminal (organised crime recruit youth), conflict (youth create gangs), Retreatist (fail mainstream & gang culture and do crime to pay for drugs)
